Infancy

Question 1

Objectives

Answer 1

Identify key development milestones of the newborn through late infancy

Question 2

-Birth to 12mths
-Slight overlap with neonate (birth to 4wks)
-Rapid physical growth
By end of year….
-Manipulation of objects
-locomotion
-Rapid maturation
-Quite a bit of the CNS

Answer 2

Infancy

Question 3

Increase in length by 50% or greater

-Fig 4.1, p93- good pictures of growth

Answer 3

Height

Question 4

Typically, birth weight triples by end of first
year
-Fig 4.1, p93- good pictures of growth

Answer 4

Weight

Question 5

HR @ birth- 120 to 140 bpm/ at 1 yr.- 80 to 100 bpm

BP @ birth- 80/55; at 1 yr.- 95-100/55.

Answer 5

Vital Signs

Question 6

• Early Infancy
• Middle Infancy
• Late Infancy
• Infancy Transition

Answer 6

Subdivision of the 1st year in 4 time frames

Question 7

Birth to 3mths

Answer 7

Early Infancy

Question 8

4-6mths

Answer 8

Middle Infancy

Question 9

7-9mths

Answer 9

Late Infancy

Question 10

10-12mths

Answer 10

Infancy Transition

Question 11

Each time frame looks at:

Answer 11

Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Oral-Motor
Cognitive-Language
Personal-Social

Question 12

-Lifts head in prone
45 degrees (1-2mths)
90 degrees (2-3mths)
-Total head lag in pull-to-sit (NB)
Decrease in head leg (1-3mths)

Answer 12

Gross Motor

Question 13

-Hands closed most of the time initially
Begin to open more (1-3mths); prereaching & ulnar grasp
-Sucking of hands

Answer 13

Fine Motor

Question 14

Suckling pattern

Coordinates suck, swallow, and respiration

Answer 14

Oral- Motor

Question 15

Cries, coos, chuckles, vocalizes when not crying

Answer 15

Cognitive-Language

Question 16

-Cries to communicate
-Calms to face or voice
-Visual tracking
~NB- not across midline
~ 3mths- across midline

Answer 16

Personal-Social

Question 17

All primitive, ATNR, TLR, palmar grasp, stepping, supporting
Rolls prone (side) to supine, supine (side) to prone (3-6mths)
Full prone extension (6mths)
Lifts head and helps w/pull-to-sit (5mths)
Hands and feet to mouth
Sits propped (5-6mths)
Supported standing w/weight bearing

Answer 17

Middle Infancy 4-6 Gross Motor reflexes appear?

Question 18

• Midline play with both hands (4-5mths)
• Grasping of objects placed in the palm (4mths)
• Primarily ulnar & palmar grasp, reaches, and rakes

Answer 18

Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Motor reflexes appear?

Question 19

-Spoon feeding (4mths)
-No upper lip activity
-Disassociation of lip, jaw, tongue with true sucking
I-ncreased upper lip activity (5-6)

Answer 19

Middle Infancy 4-6 Oral reflexes appear?

Question 20

• Infant will attempt to continue interesting experiences (secondary circular reactions)
• Increase in sounds
• Babbling begins; also attempting “da da”

Answer 20

Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Cognitive- language reflexes appear?

Question 21

Early play

Infant shows delight; laughs and chuckles

Answer 21

Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Personal-Social reflexes appear?

Question 22

Sits erect (4-8)
Commando crawls (6-8)  *all fours pattern is creeping 
Begins sitting alone (7-9)
Pushes to hands and knees (8-9)
Rocks on hands and knees (8-9)
Quadruped begins (9 or sooner)

Answer 22

Gross Motor

Question 23

Radial palmar grasp (7)

Lateral pincer grasp (8-9) and voluntary release

Answer 23

Fine Motor

Question 24

Eats well with a spoon (7)

Initiation of solids; uses munching patterns (7-9)

Answer 24

Oral-Motor

Question 25

Babbles vowel-consonant sounds Use of secondary circular reactions to control the environment Object permanence develops

Answer 25

Cognitive-Language

Question 26

shows anger and fear Will be upset if caregiver leaves Early signs of caregiver attachment Becomes an “emotional being”

Answer 26

Personal-Social

Question 27

``` Improved equilibrium Creeps on hands and knees (7-11) Pulls to stand (10-11) Cruises with assist from furniture (10-11 typically) Standing (11-12) Progresses in walking Inferior pincer grasp (10-11) Pincer pad to pad grasp (11-12) Superior pincer tip to tip grasp (12) Inferior pincer grasp (10-11) ```

Answer 27

Transitional Infancy 10-12mos Gross Motor

Question 28

opposition of the thumb to connect to the volar aspect of the finger

Answer 28

Inferior Pincer Grasp

Question 29

pad of thumb to pad of finger

Answer 29

Pincer Pad-to-Pad Grasp

Question 30

tip of thumb to tip of finger (example: use of a needle for sewing)

Answer 30

Superior Pincer Tip-to-Tip Grasp

Question 31

What does the progression of grasp ability assist with?

Answer 31

look up

Question 32

``` Improved equilibrium Creeps on hands and knees (7-11) Pulls to stand (10-11) Cruises with assist from furniture (10-11 typically) Standing (11-12) ```

Answer 32

Transitional Infancy 10-12 Gross Motor

Question 33

Eats solids with tongue lateralization | Diagonal and rotary jaw movement

Answer 33

Transitional Infancy 10-12 Oral-Motor

Question 34

First true word (11-12) Babbles more sounds Object permanence more secure More sophisticated means-end relationship

Answer 34

Transitional Infancy 10-12 Cognitive-Language

Question 35

Shows an attachment style | Stranger anxiety

Answer 35

Transitional Infancy 10-12Personal-Social

Question 36

failure to fall within the normal ranges of milestone development

Answer 36

Developmental Delay-

Question 37

an infant may be in the low range of milestones, but the performance of the task is poor

Answer 37

Abnormal Development

Question 38

8mth old baby born at 28 weeks (40-28 = 12) 8mths- 3mths = 5mths old adjusted age for associated normative values Considered until the infant is 2yrs. old

Answer 38

Adjusting Age for Prematurity