Infancy Flashcards
Objectives
Identify key development milestones of the newborn through late infancy
-Birth to 12mths
-Slight overlap with neonate (birth to 4wks)
-Rapid physical growth
By end of year….
-Manipulation of objects
-locomotion
-Rapid maturation
-Quite a bit of the CNS
Infancy
Increase in length by 50% or greater
-Fig 4.1, p93- good pictures of growth
Height
Typically, birth weight triples by end of first
year
-Fig 4.1, p93- good pictures of growth
Weight
HR @ birth- 120 to 140 bpm/ at 1 yr.- 80 to 100 bpm
BP @ birth- 80/55; at 1 yr.- 95-100/55.
Vital Signs
- Early Infancy
- Middle Infancy
- Late Infancy
- Infancy Transition
Subdivision of the 1st year in 4 time frames
Birth to 3mths
Early Infancy
4-6mths
Middle Infancy
7-9mths
Late Infancy
10-12mths
Infancy Transition
Each time frame looks at:
Gross Motor Fine Motor Oral-Motor Cognitive-Language Personal-Social
-Lifts head in prone 45 degrees (1-2mths) 90 degrees (2-3mths) -Total head lag in pull-to-sit (NB) Decrease in head leg (1-3mths)
Gross Motor
-Hands closed most of the time initially
Begin to open more (1-3mths); prereaching & ulnar grasp
-Sucking of hands
Fine Motor
Suckling pattern
Coordinates suck, swallow, and respiration
Oral- Motor
Cries, coos, chuckles, vocalizes when not crying
Cognitive-Language
-Cries to communicate
-Calms to face or voice
-Visual tracking
~NB- not across midline
~ 3mths- across midline
Personal-Social
All primitive, ATNR, TLR, palmar grasp, stepping, supporting
Rolls prone (side) to supine, supine (side) to prone (3-6mths)
Full prone extension (6mths)
Lifts head and helps w/pull-to-sit (5mths)
Hands and feet to mouth
Sits propped (5-6mths)
Supported standing w/weight bearing
Middle Infancy 4-6 Gross Motor reflexes appear?
- Midline play with both hands (4-5mths)
- Grasping of objects placed in the palm (4mths)
- Primarily ulnar & palmar grasp, reaches, and rakes
Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Motor reflexes appear?
-Spoon feeding (4mths)
-No upper lip activity
-Disassociation of lip, jaw, tongue with true sucking
I-ncreased upper lip activity (5-6)
Middle Infancy 4-6 Oral reflexes appear?
- Infant will attempt to continue interesting experiences (secondary circular reactions)
- Increase in sounds
- Babbling begins; also attempting “da da”
Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Cognitive- language reflexes appear?
Early play
Infant shows delight; laughs and chuckles
Middle Infancy 4-6 fine Personal-Social reflexes appear?
Sits erect (4-8) Commando crawls (6-8) *all fours pattern is creeping Begins sitting alone (7-9) Pushes to hands and knees (8-9) Rocks on hands and knees (8-9) Quadruped begins (9 or sooner)
Gross Motor
Radial palmar grasp (7)
Lateral pincer grasp (8-9) and voluntary release
Fine Motor
Eats well with a spoon (7)
Initiation of solids; uses munching patterns (7-9)
Oral-Motor
Babbles vowel-consonant sounds
Use of secondary circular reactions to control the environment
Object permanence develops
Cognitive-Language
shows anger and fear
Will be upset if caregiver leaves
Early signs of caregiver attachment
Becomes an “emotional being”
Personal-Social
Improved equilibrium Creeps on hands and knees (7-11) Pulls to stand (10-11) Cruises with assist from furniture (10-11 typically) Standing (11-12) Progresses in walking Inferior pincer grasp (10-11) Pincer pad to pad grasp (11-12) Superior pincer tip to tip grasp (12) Inferior pincer grasp (10-11)
Transitional Infancy 10-12mos Gross Motor
opposition of the thumb to connect to the volar aspect of the finger
Inferior Pincer Grasp
pad of thumb to pad of finger
Pincer Pad-to-Pad Grasp
tip of thumb to tip of finger (example: use of a needle for sewing)
Superior Pincer Tip-to-Tip Grasp
What does the progression of grasp ability assist with?
look up
Improved equilibrium Creeps on hands and knees (7-11) Pulls to stand (10-11) Cruises with assist from furniture (10-11 typically) Standing (11-12)
Transitional Infancy 10-12 Gross Motor
Eats solids with tongue lateralization
Diagonal and rotary jaw movement
Transitional Infancy 10-12 Oral-Motor
First true word (11-12)
Babbles more sounds
Object permanence more secure
More sophisticated means-end relationship
Transitional Infancy 10-12 Cognitive-Language
Shows an attachment style
Stranger anxiety
Transitional Infancy 10-12Personal-Social
failure to fall within the normal ranges of milestone development
Developmental Delay-
an infant may be in the low range of milestones, but the performance of the task is poor
Abnormal Development
8mth old baby born at 28 weeks (40-28 = 12)
8mths- 3mths = 5mths old adjusted age for associated normative values
Considered until the infant is 2yrs. old
Adjusting Age for Prematurity
