Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana, CBD Flashcards
What are some adverse effects of Cigarette Smoking?
- Cancer
- Gum disease
- Weakened Immune system
- poor wound healing, skin wrinkly
- Increased CV issues
- Increased risk of Respiratory issues
- Infertility
What are the benefits of vaping/e-cigs?
- Less Expensive than smoking cigarettes
- Tastes better
- Teeth get whiter, no yellow stains on fingers
- Less damage to the lungs
- Sense of smell and taste improve
What are some reasons people give for vaping?
-Use by friend/family member
-taste, variety of flavors
- belief that vaping is safer than other tobacco products
- curiosity
Why is Vaping especially popular among students?
students become addicted to nicotine
- Nicotine can harm the developing brain (until age 25)
- leads them to burned tobacco products
- former smokers become re-addicted to nicotine
Explain the reward circuit in the brain
The ventral tegmental area of the hippocampus has nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are activated by nicotine.
Net result is dopamine release in prefrontal cortex
What are the effects of nicotine on the adolescent?
- Can affect the neuroplasticity of the brain
- Causes long-term cognitive impairment
- Decreased prefrontal cortex activity, including decreased memory and attention
-behavioral disturbances in later life
What are the two main ingredients of marijuana plants?
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) -responsible for “high”
cannabidiol (CBD)
What are the current federal regulations for marijuana?
- still Schedule 1 at the federal level, which makes research more difficult due to need for special permits
- medical marijuana is legal in 33 states (and DC)
What is the MOA of Marijuana Action?
-Stimulates endocannabinoid (CB1, CB2) receptors
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol has the same affinity for both receptors, but less efficacy at CB2
-analgesia, appetite enhancement, muscle relaxation, hormonal actions are mediated by CB1 receptors
What are the psychological effects of dronabinol (synthetic THC)?
-psychological effects lasting 4-6 hrs are divided into:
affective (euphoria, easy laughter)
sensory (increased perception of external stimuli, own body)
somatic (feeling of body floating or sinking in bed)
cognitive (altered time perception, memory lapses)
What is nabilone?
THC capsule approved for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
What are the adverse effects of marijuana?
-Affects judgement and coordination thereby increasing risk for accidents
- sedation, bloodshot eyes, depression, dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, hallucinations, drymouth
- There is a concern of adverse effects on intelligence and mental function in younger people. Can be “addictive” and a “gateway” drug
What are potential uses for medical marijuana?
- Managing chronic pain (especially neuropathic pain)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stimulating Appetitie
- Multiple Sclerosis (Helpful for spasticity, bladder function)
- Anxiety
Why is fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) of interest to pharmaceutical manufacturers?
FAAH breaks down endocannabinoids (anandamide)
FAAH inhibitors cause an analgesic effect
What are the FDA regulations regarding CBD?
- Under US federal law, illegal to sell as a food, dietary supplement, or animal feed
- hemp CBD (0.3% THC or lower) is legal to sell as a cosmetics ingredient
