Alcohol, Caffeine, Drugs of abuse Flashcards
What are the symptoms of stimulant (Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, Cocaine) Overdose
Agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death
What are the withdrawal symptoms of stimulant abuse?
Apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, disorientation, depression
What are the symptoms of depressant (barbiturates, benzos, ethanol) overdose?
Slurred speech, drunken behavior, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, clammy skin, shallow respiration, coma, death
What are the withdrawal symptoms of depressant abuse?
Anxiety, insomnia, delirium, tremors, seizures, death
What are the symptoms of Opioid overdose?
Constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, death
What are the withdrawal symptoms of opioid abuse?
Nausea, chills, cramps, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor
What drugs are used to treat Opioid Addiction/Overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone
What drug is used to treat synthetic opioid addiction?
Methadone
What drug is used for smoking cessation?
Varenicline (Chantix)
It is a nicotinic receptor partial agonist
What drugs are used to treat Benzodiazepine Dependence/Addiction?
Oxazepam/Lorazepam
What are some drugs that are abused that aren’t necessarily addictive?
- LSD
- Mescaline
- Psilocybin
- Phencyclidine (PCP)
- Ketamine
Which drug can cause “flashbacks”?
LSD can cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption
What are the Key Steps in the metabolism of alcohol
Alcohol -> Acetaldehyde (via alcohol dehydrogenase)
Acetaldehyde -> Acetic Acid (via acetaldehyde dehydrogenase)
What is the meaning of Zero-Order Kinetics?
The Rate of metabolism remains constant and is independent of concentration or amount of the chemical
What to look for in acute alcohol intoxication ?
- monitor respiratory depression and aspiration of vomitus
- Glucose can treat metabolic alterations such as hypoglycemia and ketosis
Which drugs are used for the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Diazepam (Valium), Lorazepam, Oxazepam, thiamine (Vitamine B1)
Which drugs are used for the prevention of alcohol abuse?
Acamprosate, Disulfiram (Antabuse), and Naltrexone
Which drugs are used for the treatment of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethanol or Fomepizole
What is the MOA of Naltrexone?
It is a μ opioid receptor antagonist (long-acting)
- reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse
- must be opioid-free before initiating therapy
What is the MOA of Acamprosate?
It is a weak NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA A receptor agonist
-Reduces short-term and long-term relapse rates
What is the MOA for Disulfiram?
Irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcohol
