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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > TMJ & Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

TMJ & Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

function of mandible with regard to muscles

A

site of attachment for muscles

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2
Q

what joins to form the mandible

A

a vertical ramus and horizontal body

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3
Q

2 processes of the mandibular body

A

coronoid process and condylar process

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4
Q

what is the condylar process

A

the articular process of the TMJ that consists of a head and neck

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5
Q

what is found between the 2 processes

A

the mandibular notch

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6
Q

what is the angle of the mandible

A

where the ramus and body meet posteriorly

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7
Q

what forms the prominent part of the chin

A

mental protuberance

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8
Q

what exits the mental foramen

A

mental nerve and associated blood vessels

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9
Q

what is the mandibular symphysis

A

where the 2 parts of the mandible fuse during development

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10
Q

what exits the mandibular foramen

A

the inferior alveolar nerve and accompanying artery and vein enter into the mandibular canal within the bone via this

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11
Q

what muscles attach to the mandible medially

A

mylohyoid and medial pterygoid

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12
Q

what muscles attach to the mandible inferiorly

A

infrahyoid muscles i.e. sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

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13
Q

what muscles attach to the mandible laterally

A

masseter

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14
Q

what provides the boundary between the oral cavity and the neck

A

mylohyoid line and mylohyoid raphe

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15
Q

what happens if an abscess spreads below the mylohyoid line

A

it can cause Ludwig’s angina

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16
Q

why is mylohyoid line important in dentures

A

must stop short of mylohyoid muscle as contraction of it will move the denture when eating or speaking

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17
Q

why is the buccinator important in dentures

A

denture must stop short of oblique line otherwise buccinator will interfere with denture

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18
Q

mylohyoid groove

A

this is where the nerve to mylohyoid passes which is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which supplies the mylohyoid and digastric

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19
Q

where does the mandible articulate with the skull

A

at the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone just anterior to the external acoustic meatus

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20
Q

what forms the TMJ

A

the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and condylar process of the mandible

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21
Q

what is the TMJ

A

a modified hinge (atypical) synovial joint

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22
Q

articular surfaces of TMJ are covered in

A

fibrocartilage NOT hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

what is unique about the TMJ

A

it is intrinsically unstable joint with anterior dislocation most common

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24
Q

2 extrinsic ligaments of TMJ

A

sphenomandibular and stylomandibular

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25
Q

name the 3 ligaments of TMJ

A
  1. sphenomandibular ligament
  2. stylomandibular ligament
  3. lateral ligament
26
Q

intrinsic ligament of TMJ

A

lateral ligament

27
Q

sphenomandibular ligament

A

primary passive support of the mandible. runs from spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible

28
Q

stylomandibular ligament

A

thickening of the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland. runs from styloid process to angle of mandible

29
Q

lateral ligament

A

strengthens TMJ laterally and acts to prevent posterior dislocation with the postglenoid tubercle

30
Q

when is TMJ most unstable

A

during depression

31
Q

why is it most unstable during depression

A

condylar processes move anteriorly & lie underneath the articular eminences with the mandibular head then vulnerable to dislocation into the infratemporal fossa

32
Q

5 movements of TMJ

A
  1. protrusion
  2. retraction
  3. elevation
  4. depression
  5. lateral
33
Q

protrusion + retraction =

A

gliding movements between temporal bone and articular disc (superior cavity)

34
Q

elevation + depression =

A

hinge & rotational movements of mandible and articular disc (inferior cavity)

35
Q

lateral movements =

A

grinding & chewing

36
Q

protrusion caused by

A

lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid and masseter

37
Q

retraction caused by

A

posterior fibres of temporalis, deep part of masseter, geniohyoid and digastric

38
Q

elevation caused by

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

39
Q

depression caused by

A

gravity, digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid

40
Q

how does anterior dislocation happen

A

when head of mandible pass anterior to articular tubercles through excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids

41
Q

lateral movement caused by

A

temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side and masseter

42
Q

nerve supply of muscles of mastication

A

CN V3 i.e. mandibular division of the trigeminal

43
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

44
Q

temporalis origin

A

temporal fossa & fascia

45
Q

temporalis insertion

A

coronoid process of mandible (medial surface)
anterior border of ramus near last molar

46
Q

temporalis function

A

retracts and elevates the mandible i.e. assists in closing the mouth

47
Q

innervation of temporalis

A

deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of CN V3

48
Q

masseter origin

A

maxillary process of zygomatic bone
anterior 2/3s of inferior border of zygomatic arch (superficial head)

49
Q

masseter insertion

A

at angle and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible (superficial head)

50
Q

masseter function

A

quadrate muscle that elevates the mandible

51
Q

masseter innervation

A

masseteric nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3

52
Q

medial pterygoid origin

A

from medial surface of lateral pterygoid (deep head) maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone (superficial head)

53
Q

medial pterygoid insertion

A

inserts into medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

54
Q

medial pterygoid function

A

elevates mandible and assists with lateral movements. also acts synergistically with masseter

55
Q

medial pterygoid

A

quadrangular 2 headed muscle with a deep and superficial head

56
Q

medial pterygoid innervation

A

by nerve to medial pterygoid from anterior trunk of CN V3

57
Q

lateral pterygoid origin

A

infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone (upper head)
lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (lower head)

58
Q

lateral pterygoid insertion

A

inserts on to front of the neck of the mandible:
- pterygoid fovea for inferior head
- capsule of TMJ and articular disc for superior head

59
Q

lateral pterygoid function

A

protrudes mandible, depresses mandible and assists medial pterygoid with lateral movements

60
Q

lateral pterygoid innervation

A

by nerve to lateral pterygoid & buccal nerve from anterior trunk of CN V3

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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