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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Posterior Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

superior boundary of the neck

A

base of skull & inferior border of mandible

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2
Q

inferior boundary of neck

A

top of sternum, clavicle, acromion (anterior) & C7 (posterior)

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3
Q

what is fascia and why is it present

A

it is very thin connective tissue that surrounds compartments of the neck providing containment & protection for muscles / viscera & conduit for neurovascular structures

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4
Q

superficial fascia

A

cervical subcutaneous connective tissue

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5
Q

3 layers of deep fascia

A

pretracheal, investing and prevertebral

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6
Q

what do the 3 layers of deep fascia form?

A

carotid sheath

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7
Q

where is superficial fascia found

A

between the dermis and investing layer of deep fascia

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8
Q

what is in superficial fascia

A

contains cutaneous nerves, vessels, superficial lymph nodes, fat and platysma (anterolaterally)

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9
Q

investing layer purpose

A

encloses SCM & trapezius as well as parotid & submandibular glands

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10
Q

what pierces through investing layer

A

external & anterior jugular veins and nerves including cervical plexus

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11
Q

superior attachments of investing layer

A
  • superior nuchal line of occipital bone
  • mastoid processes of temporal bone
  • zygomatic arches
  • inferior border of mandible
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12
Q

inferior attachments of investing layer

A
  • spine of scapula
  • acromion
  • clavicle
  • manubrium
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13
Q

anterior attachments of investing layer

A

hyoid bone

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14
Q

posterior attachments of investing layer

A
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • periosteum of C7 spinous process
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15
Q

2 parts of pretracheal layer

A
  1. visceral part - encloses trachea, oesophagus & thyroid gland
  2. muscular part - encloses infrahyoid muscles / separates them from trachea & thyroid
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16
Q

where does the pretracheal layer extend from and to

A

extends from hyoid bone to upper thoracic cavity

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17
Q

what is pretracheal layer continuous with

A

posteriorly & superiorly continuous with buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx

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18
Q

what pierces the pretracheal layer

A

thyroid vessels

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19
Q

what does pretracheal layer laterally fuse with?

A

alar fascia and carotid sheaths

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20
Q

prevertebral layer is pierced by

A

cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

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21
Q

superior, anterior and inferior connections of prevertebral layer

A

superiorly - fixed to cranial base
inferiorly - blends with endothoracic fascia peripherally
anteriorly - longitudinal ligament centrally (at T3/T4 level)

22
Q

lateral extension of prevertebral fascia is to where?

A

laterally extends over the first rib to surround axillary vessels & brachial plexus as axillary sheath

23
Q

how does carotid sheath connect to other fascia

A

anteriorly with investing + pretracheal
posteriorly with prevertebral layer

24
Q

major vasculature found within carotid sheath

A
  1. common and interior carotid arteries
  2. IJV
  3. vagus nerve
25
Q

boundaries of anterior triangle

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of the neck

26
Q

boundaries of posterior triangle

A

posterior border of SCM
middle 1/3 of clavicle
anterior border of trapezius

27
Q

4 main regions in neck

A
  1. SCM region
  2. posterior cervical region
  3. lateral cervical region
  4. anterior cervical region
28
Q

what is in the lateral cervical region

A

posterior triangle & omoclavicular triangle

29
Q

what is in anterior cervical region

A

anterior triangle + submandibular, submental, carotid & muscular triangles

30
Q

boundaries of posterior triangle

A

anterior - posterior border of SCM
posterior - anterior border of trapezius
inferior - middle 1/3 of clavicle
apex - superior nuchal line of occipital bone

31
Q

SCM origin

A

sternal head attaches to manubrium
clavicular head attaches to superior surface of medial 1/3 of sternum

32
Q

insertion of SCM

A

lateral surface of mastoid process & lateral half of superior nuchal line

33
Q

action of SCM

A
  1. draws head forwards (bilaterally = both muscles acting)
  2. tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder while turning face contralaterally
34
Q

innervation of SCM

A

spinal accessory nerve CN XI (motor)
C2 and C3 nerves (pain & proprioception)

35
Q

function of SCM in respiration

A

acts as an accessory muscle if head and neck are fixed; SCM elevates clavicles and manubrium

36
Q

to test SCM

A

head is turned to opposite side against resistance

37
Q

trapezius origin

A
  • superior nuchal line
  • external occipital protuberance
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes (C7 - T12)
38
Q

insertion of trapezius

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula

39
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve CN XI

40
Q

action of trapezius

A

assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus; upper fibres elevate, middle adduct and lower depress scapula

41
Q

to test trapezius

A

shoulder shrugged against resistance & superior border can be seen / palpated

42
Q

cervical plexus

A

anterior rami of C1, C2-C4

43
Q

muscular branches of cervical plexus

A

phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5
ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

44
Q

cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

A

C2 - lesser occipital nerves
C2, C3 - great auricular & transverse cervical nerves
C3, C4 - supraclavicular nerves

45
Q

where are cutaneous branches

A

superficial to prevertebral layer of fascia

46
Q

where are muscular branches

A

deep to prevertebral layer of fascia

47
Q

where is ansa cervicalis

A

anterior rami of C1-C3

48
Q

function of ansa cervicalis

A

innervates infrahyoid muscles

49
Q

where does external jugular vein drain

A

drains into subclavian vein

50
Q

where does anterior jugular vein drain

A

drains into external jugular vein

51
Q

what crosses the SCM

A

EJV
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve

52
Q

what crosses posterior triangle (superficial to prevertebral fascia)

A

spinal accessory nerve
EJV
lesser occipital nerve
transverse cervical artery + vein
supraclavicular nerves

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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