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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Osteology of Skull, Hyoid & Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Osteology of Skull, Hyoid & Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

how are bones of the skull joined

A

by fibrous joints called sutures

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2
Q

where is movement in the cranial skull

A

only at the temporomandibular joint and the atlanto-occipital joint

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3
Q

2 types of bones forming the skull

A
  1. flat & irregular bones
  2. pneumatised bones
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4
Q

flat & irregular bones

A

formed by intramembranous ossification & endochondral ossification respectively

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5
Q

pneumatised bones

A

bones with air cells / sinuses to reduce weight in the skull & add resonance to the voice

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6
Q

examples of pneumatised bones

A

frontal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

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7
Q

2 divisions of the skull

A
  1. neurocranium
  2. viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
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8
Q

neurocranium bones (8)

A

frontal
2x parietal
occipital
sphenoid
2x temporal
ethmoid

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9
Q

viscerocranium bones (14)

A

2x palatine
2x lacrimal
2x nasal
2x zygomatic
vomer
2x inferior nasal concha
2x maxilla
mandible

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10
Q

main features of viscerocranium

A

zygomatic arch, mandible & infratemporal fossa

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11
Q

zygomatic arch

A

formed via the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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12
Q

infratemporal fossa

A

found deep to zygomatic arch, communicates to he temporal fossa superiorly, contains muscular & neurovascular structures

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13
Q

main features of neurocranium

A

external acoustic meatus, styloid & mastoid processes, temporal fossa

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14
Q

borders of the temporal fossa

A

superior border - superior temporal line
posterior border - inferior temporal line
anterior border - frontal process of zygomatic bone & zygomatic process of frontal bone
inferior border - infratemporal crest, deep to zygomatic arch
floor - pterion

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15
Q

vertex

A

most superior point of the neurocranium

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16
Q

bregma

A

junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

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17
Q

lambda

A

where the lambdoid and sagittal sutures join

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18
Q

inion

A

most prominent point of the external occipital protuberance

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19
Q

asterion

A

a star shaped junction of 3 sutures between the occipital, parietal and temporal bones

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20
Q

pterion

A

H shaped junction of sutures (frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid) that overlies the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery

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21
Q

anterior fontanelle

A

diamond shaped, at site of bregma, fuses at around 18 months

22
Q

posterior fontanelle

A

triangular in shape, at site of future lambda, fuses before the first year

23
Q

what is the piriform arperture

A

this is the anterior nasal opening in the cranium

24
Q

what passes through supraorbital foramen

A

CN V1 the ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

25
Q

what passes through the infraorbital foramen

A

CN V2 the maxillary branch of the trigeminal

26
Q

where does CN V2 exit interiorly in the skull

A

foramen rotundum

27
Q

what passes through the mental foramen

A

CN V3 the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

28
Q

how does CN V3 exit the cranium

A

through the foramen spinosum

29
Q

function of the vomer

A

contributes to the bony part of the nasal septum which separates the anterior nasal apertures & posterior nasal apertures (choanae)

30
Q

what canals are in the temporal bone

A
  • carotid canal for internal carotid artery
  • jugular foramen for internal jugular vein (just posterior to the carotid canal)
31
Q

what opening is present in the occipital bone

A

foramen magnum for spinal cord, meninges, vertebral & spinal arteries, spinal root of accessory nerve CN XI

32
Q

what travels through the foramen spinosum other than CNV3

A

middle meningeal artery & vein

33
Q

purpose of ligamentum nuchae

A

to attach external occipital protuberance & foramen magnum to spinal processes of the cervical vertebrae (continuous with supraspinous ligament)

34
Q

function of ligamentum nuchae

A

to support head & resist flexion as well as an attachment point for some muscles

35
Q

what is present in cervical vertebrae only compared to other vertebrae

A

presence of foramina transversaria

36
Q

how does articulation occur in the cervical vertebrae

A

via articular facets with the superior facet articulating with the inferior facet of the preceding vertebrae

37
Q

site of attachment of ligamentum nuchae

A

spinous process

38
Q

when is the spinous process bifid / not bifid

A

bifid C2-C6
non bifid C7

39
Q

other names of C1 and C2

A

C1 = atlas
C2 = axis

40
Q

main feature of C2

A

dens / odontoid process

41
Q

function of odontoid process

A

acts as an axis for the atlas and atlanto-occipital joint

42
Q

what does C1 have instead of a body

A

an anterior arch with an articular facet for the dens of C2

43
Q

what is missing at the atlanto-axial joint

A

between C1 and C2 there is no intervertebral disc

44
Q

function of atlanto-occipital joint

A

allows flexion & extension (nodding)

45
Q

function of lateral atlanto-axial joint

A

allows rotation of head from side to side

46
Q

where is the hyoid bone found

A

C3 level in anterior neck

47
Q

why is the hyoid bone unique

A

does not articulate with any skeletal elements in heck & neck and can be palpated

48
Q

what keeps the hyoid bone in place

A

muscles and ligaments with connections to mandible, styloid process, thyroid cartilage, manubrium & scapulae

49
Q

purpose of hyoid bone

A

connects oral cavity with the pharynx posteriorly, the larynx inferiorly and helps to keep the airway open

50
Q

lesser horn of hyoid purpose

A

forms site of attachment for stylohyoid ligament which connects the hyoid to the styloid process of the skull

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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