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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Root of Neck > Flashcards

Root of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the root of the neck

A

junction between thorax and neck that contains visceral and neurovascular structures

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2
Q

anterior boundary of root of neck

A

top of manubrium & superior border of clavicle

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3
Q

posterior boundary of root of neck

A

body of T1 & superior margin of scapula to cricoid cartilage

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4
Q

lateral boundary of root of neck

A

first pair of ribs & costal cartilages

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5
Q

inferior boundary of root of neck

A

superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlets

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6
Q

the subclavian artery becomes what and where at

A

becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib

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7
Q

the subclavian vein becomes what and where at

A

becomes the axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib

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8
Q

what is a rami

A

anterior division of a spinal nerve

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9
Q

what major nerve structure passes through the axillary inlets

A

brachial plexus

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10
Q

what forms the brachial plexus

A

anterior rami of 5 spinal nerves; C5-C8 and T1

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11
Q

how does the brachial plexus divide

A

3 trunks (superior, middle, inferior) to
3 anterior divisions (superior, middle, inferior) to
5 main terminal branches

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12
Q

5 terminal branches of cervical plexus

A

radial nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve

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13
Q

cervical pleura

A

region of parietal pleura that extends through superior thoracic aperture to cover apex of lungs

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14
Q

what covers the surface of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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15
Q

what does parietal pleura do

A

lines pulmonary cavities i.e. thoracic wall and superior surface of diaphragm

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16
Q

what is the pleural cupola

A

is when the cervical pleura forms a dome shape which extends beyond the 1st rib 2-3cm superior to the level of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle

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17
Q

what is suprapleural membrane

A

it is an extension of endothoracic fascia that reinforces cervical pleura to protect apex of lung and cervical fascia

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18
Q

what does the suprapleural membrane do

A

acts as a barrier to prevent changes in interthoracic pressure drawing upon contents of the neck

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19
Q

3 branches that come off the aortic arch

A
  1. brachiocephalic trunk - branching to right CCA & right subclavian arteries
  2. left CCA artery
  3. left subclavian artery
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20
Q

what covers the brachiocephalic trunk anteriorly

A

right sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

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21
Q

what runs parallel to left common carotid artery

A

vagus nerve

22
Q

subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts

A
  1. medial to anterior scalene
  2. posterior to anterior scalene (can’t visualise with this in place)
  3. lateral to anterior scalene
23
Q

arterial branches from 1st part of subclavian

A

vertebral artery // internal thoracic artery // thyrocervical artery

24
Q

arterial branches from 2nd part of subclavian

A

costocervical trunk

25
Q

arterial branches from 3rd part of artery

A

dorsal scapular artery

26
Q

4 parts of vertebral artery

A
  1. cervical part
  2. vertebral part
  3. suboccipital part
  4. cranial part
27
Q

what do the 2 vertebral arteries join to become

A

basilar artery

28
Q

thyrocervical artery arises to give off

A

inferior thyroid artery
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery

29
Q

final branch of 1st part of subclavian is the internal thoracic artery - what does it supply

A

intercostal spaces between the ribs

30
Q

from the second part of the subclavian artery arises the

A

costocervical trunk

31
Q

costocervical trunk divides into

A
  • supreme intercostal artery
  • deep cervical artery
32
Q

3rd part of subclavian artery branches into

A

dorsal scapular artery

33
Q

the subclavian vein is a continuation of what

A

the axillary vein

34
Q

where is the subclavian vein in relation to the subclavian artery

A

runs parallel and anterior to the subclavian artery as well as anterior to the anterior scalene

35
Q

the one tributary of the subclavian vein is

A

the external jugular vein

36
Q

brachiocephalic vein is formed by

A

union of IJV and subclavian vein at the venous angle

37
Q

where does the IJV end

A

posterior to the medial end of the clavicle

38
Q

the venous angle is the site where

A

the thoracic duct (LHS) and the right lymphatic system (RHS) drain lymph collected through the body

39
Q

4 anterior prevertebral muscles

A

longus colli
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior
anterior scalene

40
Q

4 lateral prevertebral muscles

A

rectus capitis lateralis
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
middle & posterior scalenes

41
Q

where are the prevertebral muscles found

A

posterior to the cervical viscera and anterolaterally to the cervical vertebral column

42
Q

function of longus colli

A

flexes neck with rotation to opposite side (laterally)

43
Q

function of longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior & anterior scalene

A

these all flex the head

44
Q

function of rectus capitis lateralis

A

flexes & stabilises head

45
Q

function of splenius capitis

A

laterally flexes & rotates head and neck to same side; bilaterally extends head and neck

46
Q

function of levator scapulae

A

elevates and rotates scapula

47
Q

middle & posterior scalenes

A

flex neck laterally. middle elevates 1st rib, posterior elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration

48
Q

where does the phrenic nerve run

A

anterior to anterior scalene

49
Q

what emerges from between the anterior and middle scalenes

A

anterior rami of C5 to T1

50
Q

what does the anterior rami of C5 to T1 go on to from

A

the brachial plexus

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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