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BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

borders of anterior triangle

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of neck

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2
Q

roof and floor of anterior triangle

A

roof: deep investing fascia around muscles
floor: pretracheal fascia and carotid sheath (posterolaterally)

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3
Q

subdivisions of anterior triangle

A

submandibular
submental
carotid
omotracheal

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4
Q

what is in submandibular triangle

A

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, part of hypoglossal nerve (CN VII), mylohyoid nerve, parts of facial artery and vein

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5
Q

what is in submental triangle

A

submental lymph nodes, small veins that unite to form anterior jugular vein

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6
Q

what is in the carotid triangle

A

parts of thyroid gland, larynx & pharynx, common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve

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7
Q

what is in omotracheal triangle

A

sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, larger part of thyroid and parathyroid glands

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8
Q

where are the suprahyoid muscles found

A

located superiorly to the hyoid bone

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9
Q

what do suprahyoid muscles connect to

A

connect to the skull / mandible as well as the hyoid

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10
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid
digastric (right & left)
stylohyoid
geniohyoid

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11
Q

where are the infrahyoid muscles found

A

located inferiorly to the hyoid bone

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12
Q

what do the infrahyoid muscles attach to

A

attach to sternum , scapula and thyroid cartilage also hyoid bone but there is 1 exception

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13
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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14
Q

which infra / suprahyoid muscle does not attach to the hyoid

A

sternothyroid

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15
Q

group function of suprahyoid muscles

A

to raise the hyoid during swallowing & to elevate the pharynx during tone production

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16
Q

origin and insertion of mylohyoid

A

origin - mylohyoid line on the mandible
insertion - body of hyoid

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17
Q

action of mylohyoid

A

to elevate the hyoid & floor of the mouth

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18
Q

digastric muscle origin & insertion

A

right & left digastric each have an anterior & posterior belly
anterior - originates at lower medial aspect of mandible
posterior - originates on medial side of mastoid process
insertion of both is the hyoid bone

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19
Q

function of anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

raises the hyoid & opens mouth by lowering the mandible

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20
Q

function of posterior belly of digastric

A

elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

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21
Q

innervation of mylohyoid & anterior belly of digastric

A

CN V3 inferior alveolar branch known as nerve to mylohyoid

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22
Q

innervation of posterior belly of digastric

A

digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

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23
Q

origin and insertion of stylohyoid

A

origin: styloid process of skull
insertion: body of hyoid from lateral side

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24
Q

function of stylohyoid

A

to elevate hyoid in posterosuperior direction

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25
Q

innervation of stylohyoid

A

via facial nerve CN VII

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26
Q

origin and insertion of geniohyoid

A

origin: mandible
insertion: body of hyoid superiorly to mylohyoid

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27
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

anterior ramus of C1 which travels with hypoglossal nerve CN XII

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28
Q

function of geniohyoid

A

if mandible is fixed - elevates + moves hyoid in a forwards direction
if hyoid is fixed - acts to pull mandible down and inwards

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29
Q

group function of infrahyoid muscles

A

depress or fix hyoid bone & provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles

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30
Q

what 2 planes can infrahyoid muscles be separated into

A
  1. superficial - sternohyoid & omohyoid
  2. deep - sternothyroid & thyrohyoid
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31
Q

origin and insertion of sternohyoid

A

origin: posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint
insertion: body of hyoid medially

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32
Q

action of sternohyoid

A

acts to depress hyoid after it has been elevated for swallowing

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33
Q

how are superior & inferior omohyoid bellies connected

A

by an intermediate tendon

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34
Q

origin & insertion of superior belly of omohyoid

A

origin: intermediate tendon
insertion: laterally into body of hyoid

35
Q

innervation of superior belly of omohyoid

A

superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1)

36
Q

action of superior belly of omohyoid

A

depresses and stabilises hyoid

37
Q

origin & insertion of inferior belly of omohyoid

A

origin: superior border of the scapula
insertion: laterally into hyoid bone

38
Q

innervation of inferior belly of omohyoid

A

the ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

39
Q

action of inferior belly of omohyoid

A

depresses and stabilises hyoid

40
Q

origin & insertion of thyrohyoid

A

origin: oblique line on thyroid cartilage
insertion: greater horn + adjacent body of hyoid

41
Q

action of thyrohyoid

A

depresses the hyoid. if hyoid is fixed it can raise the larynx

42
Q

innervation of thyrohyoid

A

branch from anterior rami of C1

43
Q

sternothyroid origin & insertion

A

origin: posterior surface of manubrium
insertion: oblique line of thyroid cartilage (where thyrohyoid originates)

44
Q

innervation of sternothyroid

A

ansa cervicalis

45
Q

action of sternothyroid

A

acts to draw larynx downwards

46
Q

innervation of sternohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis

47
Q

arterial supply of thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery - 1st branch of external CA
inferior thyroid artery - branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

48
Q

venous drainage of thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid vein (into IJV)
middle thyroid vein (into IJV)
inferior thyroid vein (into brachiocephalic vein)

49
Q

venous drainage of parathyroid glands

A

same as thyroid i.e. superior / middle / inferior thyroid veins

50
Q

arterial supply of parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid artery

51
Q

endocrine regulation of thyroid is via

A

pituitary gland

52
Q

what nerves are found on the posteromedial aspect of the thyroid

A

right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves

53
Q

where do the RRL & LRL arise from

A

vagus nerve from inferior part of neck

54
Q

where does RRL go

A

loops to the right subclavian artery at T1-T2 level

55
Q

where does LRL go

A

loops inferior to the arch of the aorta around T4-T5 level

56
Q

boundaries of carotid triangle

A

superior belly of omohyoid
posterior belly of digastric
anterior border of SCM

57
Q

carotid sheath runs from where to where

A

from foramen of carotid canal to aortic arch

58
Q

contents of carotid triangle

A

common carotid artery
internal carotid artery
part of external carotid artery
IJV
CN X

59
Q

common carotid artery splits into

A

internal and external carotid artery

60
Q

what level is bifurcation of CCA

A

c3 - c4

61
Q

right common carotid artery branches from where

A

branches from brachiocephalic trunk

62
Q

left common carotid artery branches from where

A

direct branch from aortic arch

63
Q

what is the carotid sinus

A

dilation at bifurcation of ICA containing baroreceptors

64
Q

function of carotid sinus

A

monitor and react to changes in blood pressure

65
Q

innervation of carotid sinus

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) via carotid sinus nerve and CN X (vagus)

66
Q

what is the carotid body

A

small reddish brown ovoid mass on medial side of bifurcation of CCA near carotid sinus

67
Q

function of carotid body

A

monitors and responds to blood O2, CO2, pH & temperature

68
Q

ECA terminates by

A

dividing into 2 branches:
1. maxillary artery
2. superficial temporal artery

69
Q

what 6 arteries arise from ECA

A

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
occipital
lingual
facial
posterior auricular

70
Q

ECA supplies vs ICA supplies

A

ICA - enters cranium through carotid canals and becomes main arteries of brain
ECA - supplies structures external to cranium

71
Q

IJS drains what

A

blood from brain, skull, face, cervical viscera and deep muscles of neck

72
Q

3 things of note about IJV

A
  1. continuation of sigmoid sinus in posterior cranial fossa
  2. exits skull via jugular foramen and enters carotid sheath
  3. runs lateral to CCA
73
Q

inferior bulb of IJV

A

has a bicuspid valve which permits blood flow to the heart while preventing back flow into the vein if one were inverted

74
Q

superior bulb of IJV

A

dilation at origin of IJV which is where the inferior petrosal sinus enters after it has left the cranium through the jugular foramen

75
Q

which infrahyoid muscle runs across the IJV

A

omohyoid

76
Q

where does IJV exit skull and where does it go

A

exits at jugular foramen and enters the carotid sheath

77
Q

what happens when IJV reaches the sternoclavicular joint

A

it merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic trunk

78
Q

what 2 veins join to form external jugular vein

A
  1. posterior auricular vein
  2. retromandibular vein (posterior division)
79
Q

what veins drain into EJV

A

posterior external jugular
transverse cervical
suprascapular
anterior jugular

80
Q

what muscle does EJV cross and where does it then go

A

crosses over SCM to pierce investing fascia and drain into subclavian vein

81
Q

5 terminal branches of the facial nerve

A
  1. temporal
  2. zygomatic
  3. buccal
  4. marginal mandibular
  5. cervical
82
Q

what cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen

A

IX, X, XI

83
Q

what does CN XI innervate in the neck

A

SCM & trapezius

84
Q

what does CN XII supply

A

4/5 extrinsic muscles of the tongue - there are no branches to the anterior triangle of the neck

BDS3 Head & Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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