Tissues - lecture notes/lab notes

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

the basic functional units of animal life - the smallest subdivisions of the body that are capable of life

Question 2

What are tissues?

Answer 2

specialized cells grouped together

Question 3

What are the 4 basic tissues?

Answer 3

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

Question 4

What are organs?

Answer 4

group of tissues that work together for common purposes

Question 5

What are organ systems?

Answer 5

groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities - digestive system

Question 6

What is homeostasis?

Answer 6

the physiological processes that monitor and adjust all the various essential parameters of the body
The whole body is responsible for homeostasis - equilibrium - balance

Question 7

Epithelial tissue is composed of
sheets of cells that ______ and _______ other tissues (ex: skin of body). It PROTECTS underlying tissues and may act to filter biochemical substances. May _______, ________, or ______ biochemical substances. May play a role in the ________ input.

Answer 7

cover, line
absorb, secrete, excrete
reception of sensory

Question 8

Epithelial also lines inside and ….

Answer 8

outside of body - orifices of our body - different types of epithelial tissues

Question 9

A desmosome is …?

Answer 9

a strong, welded plaque or thickening which connects the plasma membranes of adjacent cells

Question 10

Cells that are connected by _____ ______ are linked by tubular channel proteins

Answer 10

gap junctions

Question 11

Epithelial have can have smooth irregular surfaces & may be covered with fingerlike projections called ______

Answer 11

microvilli or tiny hairs called cilia, hard surface - horn

Question 12

Classifications of Epithelial tissue - shape of cells are …?

Answer 12

flat (squamous) - cells that line the bladder- stretch and contract
cubodial appearance - sugar cube
columnar appearance - shoebox on its end - urinary tract (absorbs) - further specailize - lines intestinal tract
simple squamous - lining surface
stratified squamous

Question 13

Simple cuboidal epithelium plays an important role in both endocrine and exocrine tissue. Endocrine gland do not have ______? Exocrine have _____?

Answer 13

ducts - secretes throughout body - release products -hormones

ducts - very important for health of animal - produce material and excrete - subaceous gland - formed next to hair folicles , anal sacs

Question 14

Connective tissue functions ..?

Answer 14

holds other tissues together, provides form - holds things together, loose, strong

Question 15

What are elastic fibers?

Answer 15

skins ability to stretch

Question 16

What are two cells types?

Answer 16

fixed cells

transient cells

Question 17

What is adipose?

Answer 17

storehouse for energy

Question 18

What is dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 18

firm not all elastic, its avascular - ligament and tendons

Question 19

Elastic connective tissue is …?

Answer 19

effective in the stretching in arteries

Question 20

What are the specialized connective tissues?

Answer 20

bone - highly vascular (blood supply) - haversian canal
blood - ground substance - plasma
(liquid with coagulation- made up of water, plasma, and different types of protein, cellular

Question 21

Bone has a central haversian canal containing…?

Answer 21

both a vascular and a nerve supply

Question 22

Bone cells such as __________ collaborate to remodel bone in response to the stresses placed on them and bone is formed from them.

Answer 22

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 23

Protein in blood is called ..?

Answer 23

albumin

Question 24

Red blood cells are called?

Answer 24

erthrocytes

Question 25

White blood cells are called?

Answer 25

leukocytes

Question 26

Thrombocytes are ..?

Answer 26

platelets

Question 27

Serous membranes do what?

Answer 27

line walls and cover organs of body cavities

Question 28

What is the portion of the membrane that lines the cavity wall?

Answer 28

parietal layer - shiny, very thin layer of tissue lying on the chest wall

Question 29

What is is the portion of the membrane that covers the outer surfaces of organs?

Answer 29

visceral layer - glossy lining

Question 30

What is the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 30

skin or integument

Question 31

What is synovial membranes?

Answer 31

lines the cavities of the joints - manufacturer synovial fluid that fills joint spaces

Question 32

What types of muscle tissue is there?

Answer 32

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 33

What is skeletal muscle tissues function?

Answer 33

locomotion

Question 34

What is smooth muscle tissues function?

Answer 34

transportation of materials - Smooth GI

Question 35

What is cardiac muscle tissues function?

Answer 35

drives the whole system

Question 36

Nervous tissue is found where?

Answer 36

in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves composed of neurons and neuroglial cells

Question 37

Neurons are ….?

Answer 37

store memory - carry information and instructions

Question 38

Neuroglial cells support?

Answer 38

neurons, provide a supportive framework - structure

Question 39

Inflammation is ..?

Answer 39

initial response to injury

Question 40

What are the 5 steps to inflammation?

Answer 40

1. vasodilation - responds to initial injury - vessels open up all kinds of materials come out
2. swelling - release of fluid to tissue - call cells into the area
3. clot formation - platetets and a clot formation
4. phagocyosis - take out materials that don’t need to be there (pus)
5. capillaries return to normal size, blood flow and fluid leakage - scar forms

Question 41

Classification of wound healing is …?

Answer 41

heals by
1st intention - clean out - skin edges placed back into skin proximity
2nd intention - edges of wound (open) separate (liver lacerated)
scab on knee - tissue forms to close the gap - takes 3 - 6 weeks to heal
laceration suture - 10-14 days
3rd intention - dirty wound (pick at scab) - contaminated wound - bacteria grows