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A&P - vic > Chapter 11 Mouth or oral cavity > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Mouth or oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The mouth, oral cavity is also called the?

A

buccal cavity

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2
Q

Where does digestion begin?

A

the mouth

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3
Q

What are the key structures of clinical significance in the mouth?

A

lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx

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4
Q

What role does the lips play?

A

they play a role as a prehension organ - meaning an animal can use the lips to grasp food and pull it into the mouth

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5
Q

Labial is the term used to describe anything pertaining to the…?

A

lips

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6
Q

The salivary glands produce…?

A

saliva - which performs a variety of digestive and lubrication functions

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7
Q

What are the 3 matching pairs of salivary glands?

A

1 - parotid salivary glands - located just ventral to the ear canals
2 - mandibular salivary glands - located ventral to the parotid glands at the caudal angle of the mandible
3- sublingual salivary glands - located medial to the shafts of the mandible just under the base of the tongue

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8
Q

The teeth are responsible for ?

A

physically breaking down food into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What is the term that means physically breaking down food into smaller pieces?

A

masstication

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10
Q

What is maxilla?

A

the incisive bones of the skull that contain the upper arcade of teeth

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11
Q

What is the upper arcade of teeth?

A

teeth in the upper part of the mouth

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12
Q

What contains the lower arcade of teeth?

A

the mandible

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13
Q

What do carnivore teeth look like?

A

more pointed on their occlusal surface; slightly curved toward back of mouth

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14
Q

What are carnivore teeth good for?

A

good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding

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15
Q

What do herbivore teeth look like?

A

flat occlusal surfaces

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16
Q

What are herbivore teeth good for?

A

good for grinding plant and grain material

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17
Q

Carnivores and Herbivores teeth are classified as …?

A

incisors, canine, premolars and molars

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18
Q

What are the premolars?

A

cutting teeth, rostral cheek teeth, has sharp points and surfaces in carnivores

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19
Q

What are molars?

A

grinding teeth, causal cheek teeth, larger, flatter occlusal surfaces, used for grinding

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20
Q

What are incisors?

A

grasping teeth, most rostral teeth of upper and lower arcade

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21
Q

What are canines?

A

Tearing teeth, located at the corners of the incisors, longer than other teeth, pointed at the tip

22
Q

What does lingual mean?

A

inner surface of the lower arcade of teeth

23
Q

What does palatal mean?

A

inner surface of the upper arcade

24
Q

What does labial mean?

A

outer surface of the upper and lower arcade at the front of the mouth

25
Q

What does buccal mean?

A

outer surface of the teeth more caudal in the mouth

26
Q

What is the dental formula?

A

represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade

27
Q

To designate the tooth type do you use uppercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?

A

adult teeth

28
Q

To designate the tooth type do you use lowercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?

A

deciduous teeth (baby teeth)

29
Q

_____ have no upper incisors or upper canine teeth.

A

Ruminants

30
Q

What is the dental pad?

A

flat thick connective tissue structure on the maxilla opposite the lower incisors and canine teeth

31
Q

What is the dental formula?

A

tooth type followed by two numbers separated by a slash mark or expressed as a fraction of one number over the other

32
Q

What does the first number stand for?

A

number of teeth in half of the upper arcade

33
Q

What does the second number stand for?

A

number of teeth in half of the lower arcade

34
Q

How do you determine the total number of teeth in the mouth?

A

sum up all of the numbers I, C, P, M and and multiply by 2

35
Q

The pig has a complete dental formula - what is that formula?

A

I 3/3 C1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3 = 44 teeth

36
Q

What is the pulp in a tooth?

A

center of tooth - blood and nerve supply enter at the apex of the tooth root

37
Q

What is the dentin that surrounds the the tooth pulp?

A

is more dense than bone and helps to protect the sensitive pulp

38
Q

What is the cementum and what does it do?

A
  • a hard connective tissue that helps fasten the tooth securely in its bony socket
  • it covers the root of the tooth?
39
Q

What is enamel and what does it do?

A
  • the hardest, toughest tissue in the body

- covers the crown of the tooth

40
Q

What is the purpose of the oral cavity?

A

to prehend (take hold of) the food, initiate mastication (chewing) and chemcial digest, and prepare the food for swallowing

41
Q

Mastication can also be referred to as …?

A

mechanical digestion

42
Q

What is gingiva?

A

epithelial tissue that composes the gums around the teeth

43
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

breaks down the food into smaller particles to increase the surface area available for exposure to the enzymes involved in chemical digestion

44
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

saliva - added to food as it is chewed moistens, softens, and shapes food into a form that is more readily swallowed

45
Q

What are digestive enzymes?

A

are proteins that promote (catalyze) the chemical reactions that split complex food molecules up into simpler compounds.

46
Q

Enzymes be recognized because their names usually end in ______?

A

–ase – they are components of the food (sugars, proteins, and fats, etc)

47
Q

What is amylase?

A

– an enzyme found in the saliva of omnivores, such as rats and pigs, but is absent in carnivores, like dogs and cats. Salivary amylase breaks down amylase, a sugar component of starch.

48
Q

What is lipase

A

– an enzyme that digests lipids (fats), also may be found in the saliva of some young animals (calves) while they are nursing or on a high-milk diet.

49
Q

What does sodium biocarbonate and phosphate buffers found in cattle saliva do?

A

it neutralizes acids normally formed in the rumen (1st stomach) and to help maintain the healthy pH of the rumen

50
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

most of the glands in the digestive system

51
Q

What does the parasympathetic stimulation do?

A

increases salivation

anticipation of eating can cause parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands

52
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulation do?

A

decreases salivation

fear or parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors like atropine produce dry mouth

A&P - vic (21 decks)

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