Chapter 5 - lab book and some of ch 6 book questions

Question 1

Stratum lucidum

Answer 1

layer found only in thick skin consisting of a few rows of flattened dead cells

Question 2

Melanin

Answer 2

a dark pigment produced by melanocytes that protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation

Question 3

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 3

gland that secretes sweat directly onto the surface of the epidermis via a duct

Question 4

stratum corneum

Answer 4

outermost layer of the epidermis

Question 5

Papillary layer

Answer 5

uppermost, thin superficial layer of the dermis

Question 6

arrector pili muscle

Answer 6

small muscle attached to each hair follicle

Question 7

Dermis

Answer 7

makes up the greatest portion of the skin and is responsible for the structural strength of the skin

Question 8

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 8

touch receptor in the hypodermis that is sensitive to heavy pressure

Question 9

Stratum spinosum

Answer 9

epidermal layer that still shows some cell division and contains a large number of Langerhans cells

Question 10

Keratinocyte

Answer 10

Keratin-producing cell

Question 11

Dermal papilla

Answer 11

upward projections of the dermis that interdigitate with the epidermis to hold the layers together

Question 12

Fibroblast

Answer 12

a macrophage found in the epidermis

Question 13

Stratum basale

Answer 13

a layer made of a single row of actively dividing keratinocytes

Question 14

Subcutaneous layer

Answer 14

thick layer of the integument made of loose areolar connective tissue rich with adipose

Question 15

Merkel cell

Answer 15

found in the basal layer of the epidermis and associated with sensory nerve endings

Question 16

Hair follicle

Answer 16

invagination (folding of the tissue) of the epidermis in which a hair is anchored

Question 17

Adipocyte

Answer 17

main cell in the hypodermis and is filled with fat

Question 18

epidermis

Answer 18

the outermost layer of the skin

Question 19

stratum granulosum

Answer 19

epidermal layer that consists of multiple rows of keratinocytes that are beginning to fill with keratin and the nuclei are degenerating

Question 20

melanocyte

Answer 20

cell found in the epidermis that produces a dark pigment

Question 21

sebaceous gland

Answer 21

sebum-producing gland that secretes directly into the hair follicle

Question 22

Langerhans cell

Answer 22

cellular component of the dermis that manufacturers fibers and ground substance

Question 23

reticular layer

Answer 23

deeper layer of the dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 24

Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 24

touch receptor in the dermis that is sensitive to light touch

Question 25

What are the layers of thick skin found in the epidermis?

Answer 25

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
basement membrane

Question 26

What are the layers of thin skin found in the epidermis?

Answer 26

stratum corneum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
basement membrane

Question 27

What is another name for hypodermis?

Answer 27

subcutaneous layer

Question 28

What are the layers of the dermis?

Answer 28

papillary layer

reticular layer

Question 29

Equine walks on ______ ____.

Answer 29

digit 3

Question 30

Ruminants walk on _____ ____ and ____.

Answer 30

digits 3 & 4

Question 31

Another name for distal phalanx is..?

Answer 31

coffin bone

Question 32

What is another name for the cornual process?

Answer 32

horn process

Question 33

What are the anatomic names for the cannon bone and the splint bones in a horse?

Answer 33

the large metacarpal (cannon bone) of the horse is assumed to be what is left of metacarpal III, and the smaller splint bones on either side of it are designed as metacarpals II and IV

Question 34

What is the common name for the distal sesamoid bone in the horse?

Answer 34

navicular bone

Question 35

Name the bones of the thoracic limb from proxial to distal.

Answer 35

scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. Some species also have sesamoid bones

Question 36

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?

Answer 36

scapula

Question 37

What are the brachium and the antebrachium and which bones forms them?

Answer 37

the brachium is the upper forelimb between the elbow and shoulder joints formed by the humerus. The antebrachium is the forelimb formed by the radius and the ulna

Question 38

Which digit is the dewclaw on the front leg of a dog?

Answer 38

metacarpal 1

Question 39

Name the bones of the pelvic limb from distal to proximal.

Answer 39

phalanges, metatarsal bones, tarsal bones, fibula, tibia, patella, fabellae (sesamoid bone), femur

Question 40

What three bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 40

Ilium,ischium, and pubis

Question 41

What region of the pelvis does each come from:

Answer 41

The ilium is the cranial most bone of the pelvis. The ischium is the caudalmost pelvic bone, the pubis is the smallest of the 3 pelvic bones. It is located medially and forms the cranial portion of the pelvic floor

Question 42

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the animal body?

Answer 42

patella

Question 43

Which bone is larger and supports more of an animals weight, the tibia or the fibula

Answer 43

tibia

Question 44

On which bone of the pelvic limb is the calcaneal tuberosity found?

Answer 44

fibular tarsal bone

Question 45

What are the main charactertistics of fiborous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints?

Answer 45

fibrous joints are immovable, cartilaginous joints are capable of only a slight rocking movement and synovial joints are freely movable joints

Question 46

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

Answer 46

tendons join muscles to bone. Ligaments join bones to other bones

Question 47

Name some examples of each of these kinds of synovial joints - ball and socket joint, gliding joint, hinge joint, and pivot joint?

Answer 47

shoulder and hip joints - ball and socket
carpus - gliding
elbow joint and occipital bone - hinge
atlantoaxial joint - pivot joint