Chapter 5 - lab book and some of ch 6 book questions Flashcards
Stratum lucidum
layer found only in thick skin consisting of a few rows of flattened dead cells
Melanin
a dark pigment produced by melanocytes that protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation
eccrine sweat glands
gland that secretes sweat directly onto the surface of the epidermis via a duct
stratum corneum
outermost layer of the epidermis
Papillary layer
uppermost, thin superficial layer of the dermis
arrector pili muscle
small muscle attached to each hair follicle
Dermis
makes up the greatest portion of the skin and is responsible for the structural strength of the skin
Pacinian corpuscle
touch receptor in the hypodermis that is sensitive to heavy pressure
Stratum spinosum
epidermal layer that still shows some cell division and contains a large number of Langerhans cells
Keratinocyte
Keratin-producing cell
Dermal papilla
upward projections of the dermis that interdigitate with the epidermis to hold the layers together
Fibroblast
a macrophage found in the epidermis
Stratum basale
a layer made of a single row of actively dividing keratinocytes
Subcutaneous layer
thick layer of the integument made of loose areolar connective tissue rich with adipose
Merkel cell
found in the basal layer of the epidermis and associated with sensory nerve endings
Hair follicle
invagination (folding of the tissue) of the epidermis in which a hair is anchored
Adipocyte
main cell in the hypodermis and is filled with fat
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin
stratum granulosum
epidermal layer that consists of multiple rows of keratinocytes that are beginning to fill with keratin and the nuclei are degenerating
melanocyte
cell found in the epidermis that produces a dark pigment
sebaceous gland
sebum-producing gland that secretes directly into the hair follicle
Langerhans cell
cellular component of the dermis that manufacturers fibers and ground substance
reticular layer
deeper layer of the dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue
Meissner’s corpuscle
touch receptor in the dermis that is sensitive to light touch
What are the layers of thick skin found in the epidermis?
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale basement membrane
What are the layers of thin skin found in the epidermis?
stratum corneum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
basement membrane
What is another name for hypodermis?
subcutaneous layer
What are the layers of the dermis?
papillary layer
reticular layer
Equine walks on ______ ____.
digit 3
Ruminants walk on _____ ____ and ____.
digits 3 & 4
Another name for distal phalanx is..?
coffin bone
What is another name for the cornual process?
horn process
What are the anatomic names for the cannon bone and the splint bones in a horse?
the large metacarpal (cannon bone) of the horse is assumed to be what is left of metacarpal III, and the smaller splint bones on either side of it are designed as metacarpals II and IV
What is the common name for the distal sesamoid bone in the horse?
navicular bone
Name the bones of the thoracic limb from proxial to distal.
scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. Some species also have sesamoid bones
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder blade?
scapula
What are the brachium and the antebrachium and which bones forms them?
the brachium is the upper forelimb between the elbow and shoulder joints formed by the humerus. The antebrachium is the forelimb formed by the radius and the ulna
Which digit is the dewclaw on the front leg of a dog?
metacarpal 1
Name the bones of the pelvic limb from distal to proximal.
phalanges, metatarsal bones, tarsal bones, fibula, tibia, patella, fabellae (sesamoid bone), femur
What three bones make up the pelvis?
Ilium,ischium, and pubis
What region of the pelvis does each come from:
The ilium is the cranial most bone of the pelvis. The ischium is the caudalmost pelvic bone, the pubis is the smallest of the 3 pelvic bones. It is located medially and forms the cranial portion of the pelvic floor
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the animal body?
patella
Which bone is larger and supports more of an animals weight, the tibia or the fibula
tibia
On which bone of the pelvic limb is the calcaneal tuberosity found?
fibular tarsal bone
What are the main charactertistics of fiborous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints?
fibrous joints are immovable, cartilaginous joints are capable of only a slight rocking movement and synovial joints are freely movable joints
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
tendons join muscles to bone. Ligaments join bones to other bones
Name some examples of each of these kinds of synovial joints - ball and socket joint, gliding joint, hinge joint, and pivot joint?
shoulder and hip joints - ball and socket
carpus - gliding
elbow joint and occipital bone - hinge
atlantoaxial joint - pivot joint
