Tissues & Integumentary System Flashcards
histology
study of tissues
tissues
cluster of cells similar to each other & work together to perform function
name the 4 types of cells
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
how many different types of cells in body
200
somatic cell
all body cells except sex cells
histology
microscopic study of tissue appearance, organization, function
epithelial tissue function/place
sheets of cells cover exterior surface, internal cavities, forms certain glands
connective tissue function
binds cells & organs & functions in protection, support, integration of all body parts
muscle tissue function; name the 3 different types
responds to stimulation & contracting to provide movement; skeletal (voluntary), smooth, cardiac
nervous tissue
excitable, allows electrochemical signals as nerve impulses that communicates w/rest of body
zygote
fertilized egg
totipotent
each embryonic cell has capacity to to divide, differentiate, develop into new organism
ectoderm function
“outer”; epidermis, glands on skin, some cranial bones, pituitary & adrenal medulla, nervous system, mouth, anus
mesoderm
“middle”; connective tissue, bone, cartilage, blood, endothelium of blood vessels, muscle, synovial membranes, serous membranes lining body cavities, kidneys, lining of gonads
endoderm
“inner”; lining of airways/digestive system except mouth & rectum/anus, glands
tissue membranes
thin layer of sheet of cells that cover outside of body; connective & epithelial
connective tissue membrane
encapsulate organs & line movable joints
synovial membrane
connective tissue that lines freely movable joint so they can be lubricated & move freely
what attaches to connective tissue?
serous & mucous membranes (types of epithelial membranes)
examples of synovial membranes
shoulders, elbow, knee
synovial membranes release what type of fluid to be a natural lubricant
hyaluronan `
serous membrane
epithelial membrane; line cavities not open to outside, cover organs
cutaneous membrane (cutaneous membrane)
squamous epithelial membrane on top of connective tissue, dead keratinized cells are on top of this
basal lamina
mix of glycoproteins & collagen; attachment site for epithelium & connective tissue
reticular lamina
secreted from connective tissue; basal lamina attaches to this and forms basement membrane
epithelial characteristics:
highly cellular, avascular (must get nutrients from diffusion/absorption), capable of secretion
name the 3 ways epithelia is connected
tight junction, anchoring junction, gap junction
tight junction
no extracellular space between them, which means they are selective barrier since no substance can move between them
anchoring junction
3 types; desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, adherens. these junctions influence shape/folding of epithelial tissue
gap junction
intercellular passageway between membranes of adjacent cells to facilitate movement of small molecules; allows electrical & metabolic coupling of cells
name the 3 cell shapes
squamous (flat/thin), cuboidal (wide/tall), columnar (rectangular, taller than wide).
name the 2 descriptive terms for cell layers
simple (1), stratified (multiple)
simple squamous epithelium appearance & example
thin scales; ex. endothelium, alveoli
endothelium
epithelial tissue that lines vessels of lymphatic & cardiovascular system
mesothelium
simple squamous epithelium forms surface layer of serous membrane that lines body cavities & internal organs
simple cuboidal epithelium
active in secretion & absorption of molecules, lining of kidney tubules & ducts of glands
simple columnar epithelium
nucleus elongated; digestive tract & female reproductive
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
single layer of irregularly shaped columnar cells; found in respiratory tract
where is stratified epithelium
epidermis, lining of salivary ducts, male urethra, bladder
whats the most common type of stratified epithelium in the body
stratified squamous
endocrine gland
ductless gland that releases secretions directly into surrounding tissues & fluids; ex. hormones
exocrine gland
secretions leave through a duct that opens directly/indirectly to external environment; ex. mucous, sweat, saliva, breast milk
name the 2 types of exocrine glands
serous (watery, blood-plasma like secretions rich in amylase)
mucous gland (watery rich in glycoprotein mucin)
name the 3 ways a cell releases secretions
merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
merocrine secretions
most common type; secretion enclosed in vesicles that move to surface & released by exocytosis
apocrine secretion
secretion pinches off from cell & release; armpits & genitals release fatty secretions that bacteria breaks down=odor