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RN A&P 1 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

osseous tissue

A

hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, support structure of the body

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2
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

contains adipose tissue

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3
Q

red marrow

A

hematopoiesis (production of RBC) occurs, WBD & platelets made here too

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of head, neck, chest, and back

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5
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of upper/lower limbs, plus bones that attach each limb to axial skeleton, 126 bones in this category

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6
Q

what are the 5 categories of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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7
Q

the function of a sesamoid bone is to

A

protect tendons by assisting with compressive forces

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8
Q

long bone has 2 parts

A

diaphysis: (medullary cavity has yellow marrow), tubular shaft
epiphysis: contains spongy bone & red marrow, at end of bonesen

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9
Q

endosteum

A

inside bone, where bone growth, repair, remodeling occurs

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10
Q

periosteum

A

contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone; tendons/ligaments attach here

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11
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer, reduces friction & absorbs shock

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12
Q

diploe

A

spongy bone; flat bones between layers of cortical bone

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13
Q

articulations

A

where 2 bones meet, ex. knee joint

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14
Q

condyle

A

rounded surface

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15
Q

facet

A

flat surface, ex. vertebrae

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16
Q

tubercle

A

small, rounded process; ex. tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

tuberosity

A

rough surface, ex. deltoid tuberosity

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18
Q

what are 4 types of cells found in bone tissue

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, osteoclasts

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19
Q

osteogenic cells

A

develop into osteoblasts; deep layers of the periosteum & marrow

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20
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone formation; growing portion of bone including periosteum & endosteum

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21
Q

osteocytes

A

maintain mineral concentration of matrix; entrapped in matrix

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22
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone resorption; bone surfaces & at sites of old, injured, unneeded bone

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23
Q

where are epiphyseal plates found

A

at ends of long bones

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24
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous membrane on outer surface of bone

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25
Q

where is lacunae found

A

spongy bone

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26
Q

what is the function of a skeletal foramen

A

to allow passage of blood vessels

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27
Q

as we grow from infant to adult, the last bones to fully harden are

A

flat bones of the face

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28
Q

what is the epiphyseal plate composed of

A

hyaline cartilage

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29
Q

damaged cartilage is unable to self-repair as quickly as bone tissue because

A

cartilage is avascular, unlike bone

30
Q

appositional growth occurs when

A

bones grow in diameter

31
Q

what is the process of your body repairing a broken bone

A
  1. hematoma is formed, blood clot, swelling
  2. phagocytes (WBC) come in to clean up germs/dead cells
  3. osteoclasts clear away dead bone fragments
  4. chondroblasts form fibrocartilaginous tissue which temp holds ends together
  5. fibroblasts & osteoblasts form soft callus
  6. soft callus turns into hard callus
  7. osteoclasts clean up extra hard callus, but a bump may remain
32
Q

broken bone at 60 degree angle protrudes through skin

A

open oblique

33
Q

what percentage of our bones are remodeled annually

A

5-10%

34
Q

calcium levels in the blood are regulated by the

A

parathyroid gland

35
Q

when blood calcium gets too high, what does thyroid gland do

A

release of calcitonin

36
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

inhibits osteoclast activity & stimulates calcium uptake by bones

37
Q

what does PTH (parathyroid hormone) do

A

increases calcium uptake in small intestine

38
Q

what does thyroxine do

A

promotes osteoblastic activity & synthesis of bone matrix

39
Q

how many bones are in the skull

A

22

40
Q

suture found in between 2 parietal bones

A

sagittal suture

41
Q

bone that helps attach tongue

A

hyoid

42
Q

cheekbone refers to

A

zygomatic

43
Q

where are the paranasal sinuses located

A

on each side of the nose

44
Q

the majority of the hard palate is comprised of

A

maxillary bone

45
Q

the first cervical vertebrae, or C1, is aka

A

atlas

46
Q

the thoracic cage contains how many pairs of ribs

A

12

47
Q

where are the spinous processes located

A

posterior body of each vertebrae

48
Q

the injury known as whiplash is due to a tear in

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

49
Q

what is found at the thoracic costal facets

A

ribs

50
Q

what name is given to the portion of the scapula that forms the bony tip of the shoulder

A

acromion

51
Q

the large opening in the anteroinferior hip bone between the ischium and pubis is the

A

obturator foramen

52
Q

the lateral side of the hip bone when the head of the femur articulates is the

A

acetabulum

53
Q

which bone is each hip bone attached to the axial skeleton

A

sacrum

54
Q

the sacroiliac joint allows for the articulation of

A

the iliac crest and the sacrum

55
Q

what carries the weight of the body while in a seated position

A

ischial tuberosity

56
Q

amphiarthrosis joint

A

limited mobility; ex. intervertebral disc, amphiarthrosis (pubis synthesis of pelvis)

57
Q

diarthrosis joint

A

freely moveable joint; ex. uniaxial

58
Q

elbow joint is an example of

A

uniaxial joint

59
Q

uniaxial joint

A

allows for motion in a single plane, ex. elbow

60
Q

biaxial joint

A

motion with with/in two planes, ex. knuckle joint

61
Q

multiaxial joint

A

several directions of movement, ex. hip & shoulder joint

62
Q

articular disc

A

meniscus; fibrocartilage structure

63
Q

bursa

A

thin connective tissue sac w/lubricating liquid

64
Q

subcutaneous bursa

A

between skin & underlying bone; allows skin to move freely over bone

65
Q

submuscular bursa

A

between muscle & underlying bone

66
Q

subtendinous bursa

A

between tendon & bone

67
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue

68
Q

gomphosis

A

fibrous joint that anchors root of tooth into bony socket w/in maxillary bone; peg&socket joint

69
Q

periodontal ligament

A

dense connective tissue between bony walls of socket & root of the tooth

70
Q

synchondrosis

A

cartilaginous joint where bones joined by hyaline cartilage

71
Q

symphysis

A

bones joined by fibrocartilage

72
Q
A

RN A&P 1 (9 decks)

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