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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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2
Q

Which one of the four types of primary tissues have the following functions:

  • Cover & Line other Tissues
  • Protect Underlying Tissues
  • May Absorb, Secrete, or Excrete Biochemical Substances
  • May Play a Role in Reception of Sensory Input
A

Epithelial Tissue

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3
Q

What is an example of (location) epithelial tissue?

A

Skin

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4
Q

What does avascular mean?

A

Doesn’t have it’s own blood supply

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5
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surface faces the lumen or outside of the organ?

A

Apical Surface

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6
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surface faces the basal lamina and blood vessels?

A

Basal Surface

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7
Q

Most epithelial cells are innervated. What does innervated mean?

A

Provides sensory input to the nervous system

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8
Q

On an epithelial cell, which surfaces are connected to neighboring cells by junctional complexes?

A

Lateral Surface

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue is classified by which three characteristics?

A

Number of Layers of Cells, Shape of Cells, Surface Specializations

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10
Q

What are the two groups of the epithelial characteristic “number of layers of cells”?

A

Simple, Stratified

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11
Q

How many layers of epithelial cells does a “simple” tissue have?

A

One

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12
Q

How many layers of epithelial cells does a “stratified” tissue have?

A

Many

Think stadium seats

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13
Q

What are the three groups of the epithelial characteristic “Shape of Cells”?

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

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14
Q

What shape are squamous epithelial cells?

A

Flat

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15
Q

What shape are cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Square/Cubed

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16
Q

What shape are columnar epithelial cells?

A

Rectangular

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17
Q

What are the three groups of the epithelial characteristic “Surface Specializations”?

A

Smooth, Microvilli, Cilia, Keratin

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18
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization increases cell surface area for absorption/secretion?

A

Microvilli

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19
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “microvilli” be found?

A

GI Tract

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20
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization coordinates beats for propulsion? (hairlike)

A

Cilia

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21
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “cilia” be found?

A

Respiratory Tract

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22
Q

Which epithelial surface specialization is used to protect and waterproof?

A

Keratin

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23
Q

Where can the epithelial surface specialization “keratin” be found?

A

Skin

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24
Q

`What does “simple squamous epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Flat Cells

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25
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Fragile, Thin Cells
  • Flat & Smooth
  • Found lining surfaces involved in the passage of either gas or liquid
A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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26
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?

A

Lining Blood Vessels/Alveoli of Lungs

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27
Q

What does “simple cuboidal epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Cubed/Square Cells

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28
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Single Layer of Cube-Shaped Cells
  • Round, dark-staining nuclei which are aligned in a single row
  • Occur in areas of the body where secretion and absorption take place
A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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29
Q

Where can “simple cuboidal epithelium” be found?

A

Surface of Ovaries/Tubules of Kidneys

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30
Q

What does “simple columnar epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with One Layer of Rectangular Cells

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31
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Elongated cells that are tightly packed together
  • Nuclei aligned in a row at the base of the cell
  • Found in many excretory ducts as well as in the digestive tract
A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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32
Q

Where can “simple columnar epithelium” be found?

A

Uterine Tubes/ Entire Lining of GI Tract

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33
Q

What type of cell is found in the respiratory or intestinal tracts that secrete mucus?

A

Goblet Cells

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34
Q

What does “stratified squamous epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with Many Layers of Flat Cells

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35
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Multilayered
  • Occur in areas of the body subject to mechanical and chemical stress
  • Protect the underlying tissues
A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

36
Q

Where can “stratified squamous epithelium” be found?

A

Epidermis of Skin/Mouth/Esophagus

37
Q

What does “stratified cuboidal epithelium” mean?

A

Epithelial Tissue with Many Layers of Square/Cubed Cells

38
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Usually two layers of cuboidal cells
  • Found primarily along large excretory ducts
  • Protects underlying tissues
A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

39
Q

Where can “stratified cuboidal epithelium” be found?

A

Salivary Glands/Mammary Glands

40
Q

Which type of epithelium usually contains cilia?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

41
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Cells’ nuclei are found at different levels across the length of the tissue
  • Some cells do not reach the luminal surface
  • Found in respiratory tract and portions of the male reproductive tract
  • Often have cilia
A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

42
Q

What type of epithelium is described below?

  • Stratified epithelium with a basal layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and a superficial layer of cuboidal or squamous cells
  • Found in areas of the body required to expand and contract as part of their normal function
A

Transitional Epithelium

43
Q

Where can “transitional epithelium” be found?

A

Kidney/Bladder

44
Q

What are the two types of connective tissues?

A

Proper, Specialized

45
Q

What two components do all connective tissues have?

A

Cells, Matrix

46
Q

Which type of connective tissue is the largest classification?

A

Connective Tissue Proper

47
Q

What are the two sub categories of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose, Dense

48
Q

What are the three categories are found in specialized connective tissue?

A

Bone, Blood, Cartilage

49
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

50
Q

Which one of the four primary tissues have the following functions:

  • Forms metabolic/structural connections between other tissues
  • Forms a protective sheath around organs and helps insulate the body
  • Provides the frame that supports the body (bone)
  • Composes the medium that transports substances from one region of the body to another (blood)
  • Plays a role in the healing process and in the control of invading microorganisms
A

Connective Tissue

51
Q

What two substances is the matrix of the connective tissue made of?

A

Fiber, Ground Substance

52
Q

What are the three types of fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue?

A

Collagenous, Elastic, Reticular

53
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the connective tissue?

A

Fixed, Transient

54
Q

What are fixed cells responsible for?

Connective Tissue

A

Production & Maintenance of Matrix

55
Q

What are transient cells responsible for?

Connective Tissue

A

Involved in Repair & Protection of Tissues

56
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

57
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

Elastic, Dense Regular, Dense Irregular

58
Q

Where can “areolar loose connective tissue” be found?

A

Surrounding every organ

59
Q

Which type of loose connective tissue is highly vascular?

60
Q

What does reticular loose connective tissue do?

A

Forms the Stroma (Framework of Body)

61
Q

What does adipose loose connective tissue do?

A

Acts as an Energy Storehouse/Thermal Insulator

62
Q

What do dense regular connective tissues make up?

A

Tendons/Ligaments

63
Q

Where can dense regular connective tissues be found?

A

Facial Sheets that Cover Muscles

64
Q

What do dense irregular connective tissues do?

A

Forms Joint Capsules

65
Q

Where can dense irregular connective tissues be found?

A

Dermis of the skin

66
Q

Where can elastic connective tissues be found?

A

Between the Vertebrae/Anywhere strectchy

67
Q

Which type of cartilage tissue is the most common type?

68
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage tissues be found?

A

Most joints/Tracheal Rings/Connections of the Ribs to the Sternum

69
Q

Where can flexible cartilage tissues be found?

A

Pinnae/Epiglottis

70
Q

Where can fibrocartilage tissue be found?

A

Knee Joint/Between Spine Vertebrae

71
Q

What type of specialized connective tissue is well vascularized?

72
Q

What are membranes made of?

A

Epithelium, Connective Tissue

73
Q

What are the four primary membranes?

A

Mucous, Serous, Cutaneous, Synovial

74
Q

What do mucous membranes line?

A

Organs with Connections to the Outside Environment

75
Q

Where can mucous membranes be found?

A

Mouth/Intestines/Vagina/Nasal Passages

76
Q

What do serous membranes line?

A

Cavity walls and covers organs

77
Q

Where can serous membrane be found?

A

Lining the Chest Cavity

78
Q

What do cutaneous membranes line?

79
Q

Where can cutaneous membrane be found?

80
Q

What do synovial membranes line?

A

Cavities of Joints

81
Q

Where can synovial membrane be found?

82
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

83
Q

What type of muscle is described?

  • Voluntary
  • Striated
  • Multiple Nuclei
84
Q

What type of muscle is described?

  • Involuntary
  • Striated
  • Have intercalated disks that help with contraction
85
Q

What type of muscle is described?

  • Involuntary
  • Non-Striated
  • Small
  • Spindle Shaped
86
Q

What does the suffix “-emia” mean?

A

in the blood

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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