Digestive System Flashcards
Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
Ventral to Ear Canals
Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?
Caudal Angle of Mandible
Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?
Just Under Base of Tongue
What tooth type is responsible for “grasping”?
Incisors
What tooth type is responsible for “tearing”?
Canines
What tooth type is responsible for “cutting”?
Premolars
What tooth type is responsible for “grinding”?
Molars
What is the dental formula of the adult dog?
I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3
What structure in the mouth are unique to ruminants?
Dental Pad
Which sphincter is located where the esophagus meets the stomach?
Cardia
Which part of the stomach expands as more food is swallowed?
Fundus
Which part of the stomach grinds food and regulates hydrochloric acid?
Pyloric Antrum
Which sphincter controls how much ingesta follows the path after the stomach?
Pylorus
What does gastrin do?
Increases the Production of HCI
Where is gastrin produced?
G Cells in Pyloric Antrum of Stomach
Where is hydrochloric acid produced?
Parietal Cells in Body of Stomach
What are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach?
Rumen, Omasum, Reticulum, Abomasum
In the ruminant, simple carbohydrates/sugars and peptides are converted into what type of molecule during fermentation?
Volatile Fatty Acids
What structure is found in the stomachs in neonates of ruminants that keep liquid from the esophagus from going into the rumen?
Reticular Groove
What is the function of a villi?
Allows More Absorption and Secretion
(found with villi)
Produces Cells that Replace the Tips of Villi
What is the function of a microvilli?
Gives Cells Extra Space for Absorption
Where does fermentation take place during the hindgut process?
Cecum & Colon
What species participate in hindgut fermentation?
Equine, Guinea Pigs, Rats, Rabbits
What is mechanical digestion?
Grinding and Breaking Down of Food
What is chemical digestion?
Use of Chemicals to Further Digest Food
Where does chemical digestion begin and with what chemical?
Mouth, Saliva
What are the six categories of nutrients?
Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals
What nutrient has the highest energy density?
Lipids
Which three nutrients are energy producing?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids
What are the three categories of carbohydrates?
Sugars, Starches, Cellulose
Where can sugar (carbohydrates) be found?
Fruits, Sugar Cane, Honey, Milk, Sugar Beets
Where can starches (carbohydrates) be found?
Grains, Root Vegetables, Legumes
Where can cellulose (carbohydrates) be found?
Most Vegetables
What the difference between a peptide and a protein?
The Number of Amino Acids
How many amino acids does a protein chain contain?
50 or more
What is positive nitrogen balance?
Protein Breakdown
What is an example of a positive nitrogen balance?
Pregnancy, Muscle Building
What is negative nitrogen balance?
Protein Breakdown > Tissue Building
What is an example of negative nitrogen balance?
Starvation
Which process (catabolism/anabolism) describes the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules to produce energy?
Catabolism
Which process (catabolism/anabolism) describes the use of stored energy to assemble new molecules?
Anabolism
During catabolism, what do carbohydrates break down into and how much energy is produced?
Glucose, 38
During catabolism, what do lipids break down into and how much energy is produced?
Glycerol & Fatty Acids, 148
During catabolism, what do proteins break down into and how much energy is produced?
Amino Acids, Less than Lipids
Which stage of catabolism does breakdown of nutrients occur?
Stage 1
Which stage of catabolism does anaerobic respiration occur?
Stage 2
Which stage of catabolism does ADP turn into ATP for energy and aerobic respiration occur?
Stage 3
What happens during hydrolysis?
Breakdown of nutrients (water)
What happens during biosynthesis?
Cells use ATP to create substances
What is the dental formula for puppies?
i3/3 c1/1 p3/3
What is the dental formula for kittens?
i3/3 c1/1 p3/2
What is the dental formula for an adult cat?
I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
What are the three parts of the large intestine?
Cecum, Colon, Rectum
What is the function of the liver?
Remove toxins, produce bile
What is the function of the pancreas?
Produce insulin/glucagon