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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

A

Ventral to Ear Canals

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2
Q

Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?

A

Caudal Angle of Mandible

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3
Q

Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?

A

Just Under Base of Tongue

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4
Q

What tooth type is responsible for “grasping”?

A

Incisors

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5
Q

What tooth type is responsible for “tearing”?

A

Canines

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6
Q

What tooth type is responsible for “cutting”?

A

Premolars

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7
Q

What tooth type is responsible for “grinding”?

A

Molars

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8
Q

What is the dental formula of the adult dog?

A

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3

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9
Q

What structure in the mouth are unique to ruminants?

A

Dental Pad

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10
Q

Which sphincter is located where the esophagus meets the stomach?

A

Cardia

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11
Q

Which part of the stomach expands as more food is swallowed?

A

Fundus

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12
Q

Which part of the stomach grinds food and regulates hydrochloric acid?

A

Pyloric Antrum

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13
Q

Which sphincter controls how much ingesta follows the path after the stomach?

A

Pylorus

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14
Q

What does gastrin do?

A

Increases the Production of HCI

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15
Q

Where is gastrin produced?

A

G Cells in Pyloric Antrum of Stomach

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16
Q

Where is hydrochloric acid produced?

A

Parietal Cells in Body of Stomach

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17
Q

What are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach?

A

Rumen, Omasum, Reticulum, Abomasum

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18
Q

In the ruminant, simple carbohydrates/sugars and peptides are converted into what type of molecule during fermentation?

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

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19
Q

What structure is found in the stomachs in neonates of ruminants that keep liquid from the esophagus from going into the rumen?

A

Reticular Groove

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20
Q

What is the function of a villi?

A

Allows More Absorption and Secretion

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21
Q

(found with villi)

A

Produces Cells that Replace the Tips of Villi

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22
Q

What is the function of a microvilli?

A

Gives Cells Extra Space for Absorption

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23
Q

Where does fermentation take place during the hindgut process?

A

Cecum & Colon

24
Q

What species participate in hindgut fermentation?

A

Equine, Guinea Pigs, Rats, Rabbits

25
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Grinding and Breaking Down of Food

26
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Use of Chemicals to Further Digest Food

27
Q

Where does chemical digestion begin and with what chemical?

A

Mouth, Saliva

28
Q

What are the six categories of nutrients?

A

Water, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals

29
Q

What nutrient has the highest energy density?

A

Lipids

30
Q

Which three nutrients are energy producing?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids

31
Q

What are the three categories of carbohydrates?

A

Sugars, Starches, Cellulose

32
Q

Where can sugar (carbohydrates) be found?

A

Fruits, Sugar Cane, Honey, Milk, Sugar Beets

33
Q

Where can starches (carbohydrates) be found?

A

Grains, Root Vegetables, Legumes

34
Q

Where can cellulose (carbohydrates) be found?

A

Most Vegetables

35
Q

What the difference between a peptide and a protein?

A

The Number of Amino Acids

36
Q

How many amino acids does a protein chain contain?

A

50 or more

37
Q

What is positive nitrogen balance?

A

Protein Breakdown

38
Q

What is an example of a positive nitrogen balance?

A

Pregnancy, Muscle Building

39
Q

What is negative nitrogen balance?

A

Protein Breakdown > Tissue Building

40
Q

What is an example of negative nitrogen balance?

A

Starvation

41
Q

Which process (catabolism/anabolism) describes the breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules to produce energy?

A

Catabolism

42
Q

Which process (catabolism/anabolism) describes the use of stored energy to assemble new molecules?

A

Anabolism

43
Q

During catabolism, what do carbohydrates break down into and how much energy is produced?

A

Glucose, 38

44
Q

During catabolism, what do lipids break down into and how much energy is produced?

A

Glycerol & Fatty Acids, 148

45
Q

During catabolism, what do proteins break down into and how much energy is produced?

A

Amino Acids, Less than Lipids

46
Q

Which stage of catabolism does breakdown of nutrients occur?

A

Stage 1

47
Q

Which stage of catabolism does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

Stage 2

48
Q

Which stage of catabolism does ADP turn into ATP for energy and aerobic respiration occur?

A

Stage 3

49
Q

What happens during hydrolysis?

A

Breakdown of nutrients (water)

50
Q

What happens during biosynthesis?

A

Cells use ATP to create substances

51
Q

What is the dental formula for puppies?

A

i3/3 c1/1 p3/3

52
Q

What is the dental formula for kittens?

A

i3/3 c1/1 p3/2

53
Q

What is the dental formula for an adult cat?

A

I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1

54
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

55
Q

What are the three parts of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, Colon, Rectum

56
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Remove toxins, produce bile

57
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Produce insulin/glucagon

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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