Nervous System Flashcards
Which neurotransmitters are less likely to have a reaction after? (Excitatory/Inhibitory)
Inhibitory
What are the 5 parts of the CNS?
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem, Spinal Cord
Which part of the brain is used for intelligence and learning?
Cerebrum
What are the two layers of the cerebrum?
Grey Matter, White Matter
What are the ridges found on the cerebrum of the brain known as?
Gyri
What are the grooves found on the outside of the cerebrum known as?
Sulci
Which part of the brain is used for balance and equilibrium?
Cerebellum
What are the two layers of the cerebellum?
Grey Matter, Arbor Vitae (White Matter)
What are the two parts of the diencephalon?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus
What are the three sections of the brainstem, from rostral to caudal?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
What are the two layers of the spinal cord?
Medulla (Grey Matter), Cortex (White Matter)
What are the 3 layers of meninges on the brain in order starting with the most superficial?
Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
Keeps molecules from the blood from getting into the brain
What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or Flight
What is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest and Digest
What type of reflex happens without the impulse being sent to the brain before reaction?
Spinal Reflex
What are the 6 common reflexes tested in a veterinary clinical setting?
Withdrawl/Flexor, Patellar, Palpebral, Pupillary Light (PLR), Corneal, Menace
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when the skin between the toes are pinched?
Withdrawl/Flexor
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when the patellar tendon is tapped, causing a contraction to extend the stifle?
Patellar
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when the medial canthus of the eye is tapped, causing the patient to blink?
Palpebral
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when a light is shined into one eye, causing both irises to constrict?
Pupillary Light (PLR)
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when the cornea of the eye is touched, causing the patient to blink?
Corneal
Which reflex, commonly tested in a veterinary clinical setting, happens when a motion towards the eye causes the patient to blink?
Menace
What does afferent mean?
Towards
What does efferent mean?
Away from
What does encephalo- mean?
Brain
What does ceph- mean?
Head/Brain
What does myelo- mean? (Nervous System)
Spinal Cord
What are meninges?
Outside connective tissue layers around the CNS
What are the two main neurotransmitters?
Excitatory, Inhibitory
What is another term for peripheral afferent neurons?
Sensory Nerves
What is another term for peripheral efferent neurons?
Motor Nerves
What are the three common neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine, Catecholamines, GABA
What CNS structure is responsible for regulations of the endocrine system and sensory input?
Diencephalon
What structure of the CNS is responsible for being the cranial nerve receptor exit?
Brainstem
What are the five general senses?
Visceral Sensations, Touch, Temperature, Pain, Proprioception
What are the five special senses?
Taste, Smell, Hearing, Equilibrium, Vision
What do the rods in the retina perceive?
Light
What do cones in the retina receive?
Color/Detail
