Chemical Basis for Life

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

What is matter composed of?

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element?

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

What is the atom composed of?

Answer 4

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 5

What type of charge do protons carry?

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

What type of charge do neurons carry?

Answer 6

None

Question 7

What type of charge do electrons carry?

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

What is the formula for atomic weight?

Answer 8

Protons + Neutrons

Question 9

How many electrons can the first electron shell contain?

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

How many electrons can the second electron shell contain?

Answer 10

Eight

Question 11

What is an ion?

Answer 11

An atom that has gained/lost an electron

Question 12

What is the term used for two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond?

Answer 12

Molecule

Question 13

What is the term used for a type of molecule with two different elements?

Answer 13

Compound

Question 14

What type of bond happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

Answer 14

Ionic Bond

Question 15

What type of bond happens when electrons are shared between atoms?

Answer 15

Covalent Bond

Question 16

What is the universal solvent?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

What is the term used for mineral compounds that have ionic bonds?

Answer 17

Salts

Question 18

Describe electrolytes.

Answer 18

Have an electrical charge & Ionize in water

Question 19

Ionically bonded substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are known as what?

Answer 19

Acids

Question 20

Ionically bonded substances that either release a hydroxyl ion (OH-) in water, or retain a H+ are known as what?

Answer 20

Bases

Question 21

Bases are also known as what?

Answer 21

Alkaline

Question 22

What two numbers are the range of the pH scale?

Answer 22

1 - 14

Question 23

Which number is considered neutral on the pH scale?

Answer 23

7

Question 24

On the pH scale. which number represents the most acidic chemicals?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

On the pH scale, which number represents the most alkaline chemicals?

Answer 25

14

Question 26

On the pH scale, what is the average blood pH of a healthy animal?

Answer 26

7.4

Question 27

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 27

Used in the body for energy and stored in fat for future energy needs

Question 28

What are the four classes of lipids?

Answer 28

Neutral fats, Phosopholipids, Steroids, Eicosanoids

Question 29

Lipids that take the form of four interlocking hydrocarbon rings are known as what?

Answer 29

Steroids

Question 30

Lipids formed from a 20-carbon fatty acid and a ring structure are known as what?

Answer 30

Eicosanoids

Question 31

What do prostaglandins (eicosanoids) mediate?

Answer 31

Inflammation

Question 32

What does thromboxane (eicosanoids) mediate?

Answer 32

Platelet Function

Question 33

What do leukotrienes (eicosanoids) mediate?

Answer 33

Bronchoconstriction/Increase mucous production

Question 34

What is the most abundant molecule in the body?

Answer 34

Protein

Question 35

What are proteins made of?

Answer 35

Amino Acids

Question 36

What proteins act as catalysts to speed up a chemical reaction without themselves being altered or destroyed?

Answer 36

Enzymes

Question 37

What are the largest molecules of the body?

Answer 37

Nucleic Acids

Question 38

What are the two classes of nucleic acids?

Answer 38

DNA, RNA

Question 39

Where can nucleic acids be found?

Answer 39

Nucleus, Mitochondria

Question 40

What are the segments found in DNA called?

Answer 40

Genes

Question 41

What is a chromosome?

Answer 41

Long Chain of Genes

Question 42

What molecule contains all the instructions needed by the cell to build a protein?

Answer 42

DNA

Question 43

What molecule carries the instruction out of the nucleus to build proteins?

Answer 43

RNA

Question 44

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 44

Transfer (tRNA), Messenger (mRNA), Ribosomal (rRNA)

Question 45

What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 45

Actual Energy of the Cell

Question 46

What type of charge does an anion atom have?

Answer 46

Negative

Question 47

What type of charge does a cation atom have?

Answer 47

Positive

Question 48

What element is the primary component of organic molecules?

Answer 48

Carbon

Question 49

What are the four most important electrolytes?

Answer 49

Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride