Muscular System Flashcards
What does the root word my/o refer to?
Muscle
What is myology?
Study of Muscles
What does the root word sarc/o refer to?
Muscle Cells
What is sarcoplasm?
Cytoplasm of a muscle cell
What is the term used for a contractile unit of muscle cell?
Sarcomere
When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “rhabd/o” be found?
Skeletal
When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “lei/o” be found?
Smooth
When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “myocardium” be found?
Cardiac
What are the three types of muscle?
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Which type of muscle is described?
- Voluntary
- Striated
- Large multinucleated cells that are arranged in bundles
- Contain actin and myosin filaments
Skeletal
What are the two types of filaments that slide over one another to cause the muscle cell to shorten/contract?
Actin, Myosin
What type of tissue is skeletal muscle surrounded by?
Connective
Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated to contract by what?
Nerves
What is the interaction between a nerve and a muscle cell called?
Neuromuscular Junction
What is the gap between the nerve and muscle cell called?
Synapse
What is acetylcholine?
Neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
What are the sacs at the end of nerve fibers (contain acetylcholine) called?
Synapse Vesicles
What is acetylcholinesterase?
Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
What is a motor unit?
One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Is there a set number of muscle fibers per nerve?
No
What type of movement do muscles have if there are few muscle cells per nerve fiber?
Delicate/Fine Movement
What type of movement do muscles have if there are a large number of muscle cells per nerve fiber?
Powerful Movement
When a muscle cell (fiber) is stimulated, does it have to contract fully?
Yes
How many seconds does it take for muscle contraction to take place?
1/10th
In the muscle, what two chemicals create ATP?
Glucose, Oxygen
What is glycogen?
Glucose Storage
What is myoglobin?
Oxygen Carrier
What type of phosphate is known as the “battery charger” because it turns ADP into ATP?
Creatine Phosphate
What is anaerobic metabolism?
A process that occurs when a cell uses up its available oxygen supply
What chemical does anaerobic metabolism produce?
Lactic Acid
What is another term for one muscle fiber?
Muscle Cell
What are the three connective tissue layers around muscle fibers (cells)?
Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium
What type of attachment site of a muscle is the most stable, usually proximal, and attaches directly to bone?
(Origin or Insertion)
Origin
What type of attachment site of a muscle that usually undergoes the most movement, usually distal, and usually involves tendons or aponeurosis?
(Origin or Insertion)
Insertion
TRUE/FALSE… Muscle contraction requires energy, but muscle relaxation does not.
False
What ion, released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, starts the contraction process in a muscle fiber?
Calcium
Do cardiac muscle cells contract without any external stimulation?
Yes
What is the structure that connects cardiac muscle cells to one another and allows cells to coordinate contraction?
Intercolated Disks
This aponeurosis is the most prominent and runs lengthwise between the muscles on an animal’s ventral midline.
Linea Alba
This type of smooth muscle is a sheet found in walls of hollow organs like the stomach and the bladder.
Visceral Smooth Muscle
This type of smooth muscle contains small, discrete bundles of smooth muscle cells found where small, delicate contraction takes place, such as the iris of the eye.
Multiunit Smooth Muscle
What are the four muscles that make up the abdominal wall, list them from superficial to deep.
External Adominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Transverse Abdominus, Rectus Abdominus
Which muscle inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity of the hock?
Gastrocnemius
What is the main muscle of respiration?
Diaphragm
