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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the root word my/o refer to?

A

Muscle

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2
Q

What is myology?

A

Study of Muscles

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3
Q

What does the root word sarc/o refer to?

A

Muscle Cells

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4
Q

What is sarcoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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5
Q

What is the term used for a contractile unit of muscle cell?

A

Sarcomere

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6
Q

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “rhabd/o” be found?

A

Skeletal

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7
Q

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “lei/o” be found?

A

Smooth

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8
Q

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “myocardium” be found?

A

Cardiac

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9
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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10
Q

Which type of muscle is described?

  • Voluntary
  • Striated
  • Large multinucleated cells that are arranged in bundles
  • Contain actin and myosin filaments
A

Skeletal

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11
Q

What are the two types of filaments that slide over one another to cause the muscle cell to shorten/contract?

A

Actin, Myosin

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12
Q

What type of tissue is skeletal muscle surrounded by?

A

Connective

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated to contract by what?

A

Nerves

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14
Q

What is the interaction between a nerve and a muscle cell called?

A

Neuromuscular Junction

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15
Q

What is the gap between the nerve and muscle cell called?

A

Synapse

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16
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

Neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction

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17
Q

What are the sacs at the end of nerve fibers (contain acetylcholine) called?

A

Synapse Vesicles

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18
Q

What is acetylcholinesterase?

A

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

19
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates

20
Q

Is there a set number of muscle fibers per nerve?

A

No

21
Q

What type of movement do muscles have if there are few muscle cells per nerve fiber?

A

Delicate/Fine Movement

22
Q

What type of movement do muscles have if there are a large number of muscle cells per nerve fiber?

A

Powerful Movement

23
Q

When a muscle cell (fiber) is stimulated, does it have to contract fully?

A

Yes

24
Q

How many seconds does it take for muscle contraction to take place?

A

1/10th

25
Q

In the muscle, what two chemicals create ATP?

A

Glucose, Oxygen

26
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Glucose Storage

27
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

Oxygen Carrier

28
Q

What type of phosphate is known as the “battery charger” because it turns ADP into ATP?

A

Creatine Phosphate

29
Q

What is anaerobic metabolism?

A

A process that occurs when a cell uses up its available oxygen supply

30
Q

What chemical does anaerobic metabolism produce?

A

Lactic Acid

31
Q

What is another term for one muscle fiber?

A

Muscle Cell

32
Q

What are the three connective tissue layers around muscle fibers (cells)?

A

Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium

33
Q

What type of attachment site of a muscle is the most stable, usually proximal, and attaches directly to bone?
(Origin or Insertion)

A

Origin

34
Q

What type of attachment site of a muscle that usually undergoes the most movement, usually distal, and usually involves tendons or aponeurosis?
(Origin or Insertion)

A

Insertion

35
Q

TRUE/FALSE… Muscle contraction requires energy, but muscle relaxation does not.

A

False

36
Q

What ion, released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, starts the contraction process in a muscle fiber?

A

Calcium

37
Q

Do cardiac muscle cells contract without any external stimulation?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is the structure that connects cardiac muscle cells to one another and allows cells to coordinate contraction?

A

Intercolated Disks

39
Q

This aponeurosis is the most prominent and runs lengthwise between the muscles on an animal’s ventral midline.

A

Linea Alba

40
Q

This type of smooth muscle is a sheet found in walls of hollow organs like the stomach and the bladder.

A

Visceral Smooth Muscle

41
Q

This type of smooth muscle contains small, discrete bundles of smooth muscle cells found where small, delicate contraction takes place, such as the iris of the eye.

A

Multiunit Smooth Muscle

42
Q

What are the four muscles that make up the abdominal wall, list them from superficial to deep.

A

External Adominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Transverse Abdominus, Rectus Abdominus

43
Q

Which muscle inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity of the hock?

A

Gastrocnemius

44
Q

What is the main muscle of respiration?

A

Diaphragm

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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