Muscular System

Question 1

What does the root word my/o refer to?

Answer 1

Muscle

Question 2

What is myology?

Answer 2

Study of Muscles

Question 3

What does the root word sarc/o refer to?

Answer 3

Muscle Cells

Question 4

What is sarcoplasm?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 5

What is the term used for a contractile unit of muscle cell?

Answer 5

Sarcomere

Question 6

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “rhabd/o” be found?

Answer 6

Skeletal

Question 7

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “lei/o” be found?

Answer 7

Smooth

Question 8

When talking about muscles, which type of muscle would the root word “myocardium” be found?

Answer 8

Cardiac

Question 9

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 9

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 10

Which type of muscle is described?

• Voluntary
• Striated
• Large multinucleated cells that are arranged in bundles
• Contain actin and myosin filaments

Answer 10

Skeletal

Question 11

What are the two types of filaments that slide over one another to cause the muscle cell to shorten/contract?

Answer 11

Actin, Myosin

Question 12

What type of tissue is skeletal muscle surrounded by?

Answer 12

Connective

Question 13

Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated to contract by what?

Answer 13

Nerves

Question 14

What is the interaction between a nerve and a muscle cell called?

Answer 14

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 15

What is the gap between the nerve and muscle cell called?

Answer 15

Synapse

Question 16

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 16

Neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction

Question 17

What are the sacs at the end of nerve fibers (contain acetylcholine) called?

Answer 17

Synapse Vesicles

Question 18

What is acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 18

Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

Question 19

What is a motor unit?

Answer 19

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 20

Is there a set number of muscle fibers per nerve?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What type of movement do muscles have if there are few muscle cells per nerve fiber?

Answer 21

Delicate/Fine Movement

Question 22

What type of movement do muscles have if there are a large number of muscle cells per nerve fiber?

Answer 22

Powerful Movement

Question 23

When a muscle cell (fiber) is stimulated, does it have to contract fully?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

How many seconds does it take for muscle contraction to take place?

Answer 24

1/10th

Question 25

In the muscle, what two chemicals create ATP?

Answer 25

Glucose, Oxygen

Question 26

What is glycogen?

Answer 26

Glucose Storage

Question 27

What is myoglobin?

Answer 27

Oxygen Carrier

Question 28

What type of phosphate is known as the "battery charger" because it turns ADP into ATP?

Answer 28

Creatine Phosphate

Question 29

What is anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 29

A process that occurs when a cell uses up its available oxygen supply

Question 30

What chemical does anaerobic metabolism produce?

Answer 30

Lactic Acid

Question 31

What is another term for one muscle fiber?

Answer 31

Muscle Cell

Question 32

What are the three connective tissue layers around muscle fibers (cells)?

Answer 32

Endomysium, Perimysium, Epimysium

Question 33

What type of attachment site of a muscle is the most stable, usually proximal, and attaches directly to bone? (Origin or Insertion)

Answer 33

Origin

Question 34

What type of attachment site of a muscle that usually undergoes the most movement, usually distal, and usually involves tendons or aponeurosis? (Origin or Insertion)

Answer 34

Insertion

Question 35

TRUE/FALSE... Muscle contraction requires energy, but muscle relaxation does not.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What ion, released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, starts the contraction process in a muscle fiber?

Answer 36

Calcium

Question 37

Do cardiac muscle cells contract without any external stimulation?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

What is the structure that connects cardiac muscle cells to one another and allows cells to coordinate contraction?

Answer 38

Intercolated Disks

Question 39

This aponeurosis is the most prominent and runs lengthwise between the muscles on an animal's ventral midline.

Answer 39

Linea Alba

Question 40

This type of smooth muscle is a sheet found in walls of hollow organs like the stomach and the bladder.

Answer 40

Visceral Smooth Muscle

Question 41

This type of smooth muscle contains small, discrete bundles of smooth muscle cells found where small, delicate contraction takes place, such as the iris of the eye.

Answer 41

Multiunit Smooth Muscle

Question 42

What are the four muscles that make up the abdominal wall, list them from superficial to deep.

Answer 42

External Adominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, Transverse Abdominus, Rectus Abdominus

Question 43

Which muscle inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity of the hock?

Answer 43

Gastrocnemius

Question 44

What is the main muscle of respiration?

Answer 44

Diaphragm