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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > The Amazing Cell > Flashcards

The Amazing Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What three organelles are found in every type of mammalian cells?

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

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2
Q

Everything inside the cell membrane other than the nucleus and genetic material is known as what?

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

The largest organelle in the cell that is considered the control center and contains DNA is known as what?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is the site of energy production (ATP)?

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

Which organelle is used for transportation of newly produced proteins?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough & Smooth)

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7
Q

Which organelle is used for modification and packaging of materials destined for secretion or intracellular use?

A

Golgi Apparatus

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8
Q

Specialized vesicles formed by the golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest bacteria or nutrients are known as what?

A

Lysosomes

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9
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

Aid in Detoxification

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10
Q

What are the two layers of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane known as?

A

Lipid Bilayer

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11
Q

What molecules pass easily through the lipid bilayers (cell membrane)?

A

Lipid-Soluble

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12
Q

What molecules do not pass easily through the lipid bilayers (cell membrane)?

A

Ionized/Water Soluble

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13
Q

Where are integral proteins found on the cell?

A

Within the lipid bilayer

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14
Q

Where are peripheral proteins found on the cell?

A

Bound to the inside or outside

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15
Q

What are the two types of globular proteins?

A

peripheral, integral

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16
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

Fluid found inside of the cell

17
Q

What is extracellular fluid?

A

Fluid found outside of the cell

18
Q

What are the two types of extracellular fluid?

A

Interstitial, intravascular

19
Q

Where is interstitial fluid found?

A

Between cells/in tissue

20
Q

Where is intravascular fluid found?

A

In vessels

21
Q

Absorption or excretory processes that require energy are considered what?

A

Active

22
Q

Absorption or excretory processes that do not require energy are considered what?

A

Passive

23
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as what?

A

Diffusion

24
Q

What are the three steps to consider when figuring out if a molecule will undergo diffusion?

A

Molecular size, Lipid solubility, Molecular charge

25
Q

Movement of molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of an integral protein or carrier protein located in the bilayer is known as what process?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

26
Q

Does facilitated diffusion require energy from the cell?

A

No

27
Q

Passive movement of water (not a solute) through a membrane into a solution where the water concentration is lower is known as what process?

A

Osmosis

28
Q

The force of water moving from one side of the membrane to the other during osmosis is known as what?

A

Osmotic Pressure

29
Q

Does active transport require energy from the cell?

A

Yes

30
Q

The process that relies on a carrier protein with a specific binding site is known as what?

A

Active Transport

31
Q

What type of transport does not require a concentration variant?

A

Active

32
Q

The process that transports large particles or liquids into the cell by engulfing them is known as what?

A

Endocytosis

33
Q

The phagocytosis (type of endocytosis) process transports what type of material?

A

Solids

34
Q

The pinocytosis (type of endocytosis) process transports what type of material?

A

Liquids

35
Q

What process is opposite of endocytosis?

The process that transports large particles or liquids out of the cell by engulfing them

A

Exocytosis

36
Q

Which cell structure acts like a boundary protecting the inner cell?

A

Cell membrane

37
Q

Which cell structure propels mucus and debris across the lacrimal surface of a cell?

A

Cilia

38
Q

What cell structure helps maintain the cell shape and aids in movement of organelles and intracellular materials?

A

Cytoskeleton

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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