The Amazing Cell Flashcards
What three organelles are found in every type of mammalian cells?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane
Everything inside the cell membrane other than the nucleus and genetic material is known as what?
Cytoplasm
The largest organelle in the cell that is considered the control center and contains DNA is known as what?
Nucleus
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is the site of energy production (ATP)?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome
Which organelle is used for transportation of newly produced proteins?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough & Smooth)
Which organelle is used for modification and packaging of materials destined for secretion or intracellular use?
Golgi Apparatus
Specialized vesicles formed by the golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest bacteria or nutrients are known as what?
Lysosomes
What do peroxisomes do?
Aid in Detoxification
What are the two layers of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane known as?
Lipid Bilayer
What molecules pass easily through the lipid bilayers (cell membrane)?
Lipid-Soluble
What molecules do not pass easily through the lipid bilayers (cell membrane)?
Ionized/Water Soluble
Where are integral proteins found on the cell?
Within the lipid bilayer
Where are peripheral proteins found on the cell?
Bound to the inside or outside
What are the two types of globular proteins?
peripheral, integral
What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid found inside of the cell
What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid found outside of the cell
What are the two types of extracellular fluid?
Interstitial, intravascular
Where is interstitial fluid found?
Between cells/in tissue
Where is intravascular fluid found?
In vessels
Absorption or excretory processes that require energy are considered what?
Active
Absorption or excretory processes that do not require energy are considered what?
Passive
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as what?
Diffusion
What are the three steps to consider when figuring out if a molecule will undergo diffusion?
Molecular size, Lipid solubility, Molecular charge
Movement of molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of an integral protein or carrier protein located in the bilayer is known as what process?
Facilitated Diffusion
Does facilitated diffusion require energy from the cell?
No
Passive movement of water (not a solute) through a membrane into a solution where the water concentration is lower is known as what process?
Osmosis
The force of water moving from one side of the membrane to the other during osmosis is known as what?
Osmotic Pressure
Does active transport require energy from the cell?
Yes
The process that relies on a carrier protein with a specific binding site is known as what?
Active Transport
What type of transport does not require a concentration variant?
Active
The process that transports large particles or liquids into the cell by engulfing them is known as what?
Endocytosis
The phagocytosis (type of endocytosis) process transports what type of material?
Solids
The pinocytosis (type of endocytosis) process transports what type of material?
Liquids
What process is opposite of endocytosis?
The process that transports large particles or liquids out of the cell by engulfing them
Exocytosis
Which cell structure acts like a boundary protecting the inner cell?
Cell membrane
Which cell structure propels mucus and debris across the lacrimal surface of a cell?
Cilia
What cell structure helps maintain the cell shape and aids in movement of organelles and intracellular materials?
Cytoskeleton
