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Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five functions of bone?

A

Support, Protect, Produce Blood, Leverage, Storage

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2
Q

What are the three cells found in bone?

A

Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

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3
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Form Bone Tissue/Compose Inner Layer of Periosteum

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4
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature Osteoblasts/Trapped in Lacunae

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5
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Remodel/Breakdown Bones

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6
Q

What are the two types of bone formations?

A

Endochondral, Intramembranous

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7
Q

What does the endochondral bone process do?

A

Grows bones that replace cartilage

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8
Q

Where does the endochondral bone process happen?

A

Most of the bones

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9
Q

Where does the intramembranous bone process happen?

A

Skull

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10
Q

What are the two types of bone structure?

A

Compact, Cancellous

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11
Q

Where are compact bones found?

A

Shafts of bones, outer layer of bones

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12
Q

Where are cancellous bones found?

A

Within the bones

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13
Q

What are the features of cancellous bone?

A

Spongy and Light

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14
Q

What are the features of compact bone?

A

Heavy and Dense

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15
Q

What are cylinder shaped structures found within the bone that form around blood vessels called?

A

Haversion System

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16
Q

What is the Haversian Canal?

A

Canal that runs blood vessels in bone vertically

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17
Q

What is the Volkman’s Canal?

A

Canal that runs blood vessels in bone horizontally

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18
Q

What is the area called that houses osteocytes?

A

Lacunae

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19
Q

What consists of two layers that surround an entire bone?

A

Periosteum

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20
Q

What does the endosteum surround?

A

Medullary Cavity

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21
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Prevents hypocalcemia/Removes Calcium from Bones

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22
Q

Does yellow bone marrow produce blood cells?

A

No

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23
Q

Does red bone marrow produce blood cells?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What is yellow bone marrow mostly composed of?

A

Adipose Connective Tissue

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25
Q

What is red bone marrow mostly composed of?

A

Hemopoietic Tissue/Red Blood Cells

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26
Q

What animals are known to mostly have yellow bone marrow?

A

Mature

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27
Q

What animals are known to mostly have red bone marrow?

A

Young

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28
Q

How many cervical vertebral bones do dogs have?

A

7

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29
Q

How many cervical vertebral bones do horses have?

A

7

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30
Q

How many thoracic vertebral bones do dogs have?

A

13

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31
Q

How many thoracic vertebral bones do horses have?

A

18

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32
Q

How many lumbar vertebral bones do dogs have?

A

7

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33
Q

How many lumbar vertebral bones do horses have?

A

6

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34
Q

How many sacral vertebral bones do dogs have?

A

3

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35
Q

How many sacral vertebral bones do horses have?

A

5

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36
Q

How many caudal/coccygeal bones do dogs have?

A

20-23

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37
Q

How many caudal/coccygeal bones do horses have?

A

15-21

38
Q

What does the prefix “myelo-“ refer to?

A

Bone Marrow/Spinal Cord

39
Q

What does the suffix “-clast” mean?

A

Break

40
Q

What does the suffix “-blast” mean?

A

Produce

41
Q

What does the prefix “costo-“ refer to?

A

Ribs

42
Q

What does hematopoeisis mean?

A

Production of Blood Cells

43
Q

What does cortex mean?

A

Outer

44
Q

What does medulla mean?

A

Inner/Middle

45
Q

What are the three skeleton categories?

A

Axial, Appendicular, Visceral

46
Q

What bones can be found in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull/Ribs/Vertebral Column

47
Q

What bones can be found in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Forelimbs/Hindlimbs

48
Q

What bones can be found in the visceral skeleton?

A

Os rostra/os penis/os cordis

49
Q

What are the four shapes of bones?

A

Long, Short, Irregular, Flat

50
Q

What bone shape category describes bones that are longer than wide?

A

Long Bones

51
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

Femur

52
Q

What bone shape category describes bones that are cuboidal, or look more like cubes?

A

Short Bones

53
Q

What is an example of a short bone?

A

Carpus/Tarsus Bones

54
Q

What bone shape category describes bones that do not fit in any other category because they are weird shaped?

A

Irregular Bones

55
Q

What is an example of an irregular shaped bone?

A

Pelvis/Vertebrae

56
Q

What bone shape category describes bones that are flat?

A

Flat Bones

57
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

Scapula

58
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

59
Q

Describe fibrous joints.

A

Immovable, two bones firmly united by fibrous tissue

60
Q

What is an example of a fibrous joint?

A

Splint Bones/Skull

61
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints.

A

Slightly movable

62
Q

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

A

Pelvis

63
Q

Describe synovial joints.

A

Freely movable

64
Q

What is an example of a synovial joint?

A

Shoulder

65
Q

Which joint movement decreases the angle between two bones?

A

Flexion

66
Q

Which joint movement increases the angle between two bones?

A

Extension

67
Q

Which joint movement is away from the body?

A

Abduction

68
Q

Which joint movement is towards the body?

A

Adduction

69
Q

What joint movement is twisting?

A

Rotation

70
Q

What joint movement is twisting in a circle?

A

Circumduction

71
Q

What is a condyle on a bone?

A

Large, Cylinder shaped articular surface

72
Q

What is a head on a bone?

A

Spherical articular surface on proximal ends of long bones

73
Q

What is a foramen on a bone?

A

Hole

74
Q

What is a fossa on a bone?

A

Indention

75
Q

What is a process on a bone?

A

Projections

76
Q

What are the two rules for naming anatomical joints?

A
  1. Start with the most proximal

2. Must include all bones articulating

77
Q

List the bones of the thoracic limb starting from most proximal.

A 
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal Bones
Metacarpal Bones
Phalanges
78
Q

List the bones of the pelvic limb starting from the most proximal.

A 
Pelvis
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsal Bones
Metatarsal Bones
Phalanges
79
Q

List the vertebral regions in order starting with most cranial.

A 
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral Bones
Coccygeal
80
Q

What does the prefix “articulo-“ refer to?

A

Joints

81
Q

What does diarthrosis mean?

A

Freely movable synovial joint

82
Q

What does amphiarthrosis mean?

A

Slightly movable joint

83
Q

What does synarthrosis mean?

A

Suture of a bone

84
Q

What does the prefix “brachio-“ refer to?

A

Arm

85
Q

What does brachium mean?

A

Humerus

86
Q

What does antebrachium mean?

A

Radius

87
Q

What is the term for the area of the rear limb between the stifle and the hock?

A

Crus

88
Q

What is the term for the two bands of connective tissue that attach the penis to the pelvis?

A

Crura

89
Q

What is the manus?

A

Front Paw

90
Q

What is the pes?

A

Rear Paw

91
Q

What does crural mean?

A

Pertaining to the leg or thigh

Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology (17 decks)

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