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Zoology > Tissues 2 > Flashcards

Tissues 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body. It differs from the other three tissue types in that it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix.

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

It is diverse in both structure and function, and it is comprised of cells, protein fibers, and an extracellular matrix.

A

Connective tissue

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3
Q

Osteoblasts form _________, osteocytes maintain it, and osteoclasts break it down.

A

Bone

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4
Q

Fibroblasts are cells that form _______________, and fibrocytes maintain it.

A

fibrous connective tissue

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5
Q

Chondroblasts form __________ and chondrocytes maintain it.

A

cartilage

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6
Q

They are large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances, including microorganisms in the connective tissue.

A

Macrophages

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7
Q

They are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, such as histamine, that promote inflammation.

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue has three major components and these are?

A

protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

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9
Q

__________ consists of non-fibrous protein and other molecules. It is also shapeless

A

Ground substance

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10
Q

The structure of the matrix is responsible for the functional characteristics of connective tissues—for example, they enable bones and cartilage to bear weight. True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

They resemble microscopic ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching.

A

Collagen fibers

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12
Q

They are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network.

A

Reticular fibers

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13
Q

They have the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality.

A

Elastic fibers

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14
Q

They are large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides. They trap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.

A

proteoglycans

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15
Q

Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid. It has thee subdivisions which are areolar, adipose, and reticular. Its most common cell are fibroblasts

A

Loose connective tissue

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16
Q

It primarily consists of collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers.

A

Areolar connective tissue

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17
Q

A fine network of fibers (mostly collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers) with spaces between the fibers; fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes are located in the spaces

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

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18
Q

Functions as loose packing, support, and nourishment for the structures with which it is associated

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

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19
Q

Widely distributed throughout the body; substance on which epithelial basement membranes rest; packing between glands, muscles, and nerves; attaches the skin to underlying tissues

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

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20
Q

Consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage. It pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.

A

Adipose tissue

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21
Q

It forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, such as in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow and the liver.

A

Reticular tissue

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22
Q

Little extracellular matrix surrounding cells; the adipocytes, or fat cells, are so full of lipid that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell

A

Adipose Tissue

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23
Q

Functions in packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred

A

Adipose Tissue

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24
Q

Can be found predominantly in subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, renal pelves, around kidneys, attached to the surface of the colon, mammary glands, and in loose connective tissue that penetrates into spaces and crevices

A

Adipose Tissue

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25
Q

Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged

A

Reticular Tissue

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26
Q

Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues

A

Reticular Tissue

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27
Q

Within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

A

Reticular Tissue

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28
Q

It has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space.
There are two major subcategories of this tissue: collagenous and elastic. Examples of this tissue are tendons and ligaments

A

Dense connective tissue

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29
Q

Matrix composed of collagen fibers and elastin fibers running in somewhat the same direction in elastic ligaments; elastic fibers run in connective tissue of blood vessel walls

A

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

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30
Q

Capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation

A

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

31
Q

Elastic ligaments between the vertebrae and along the dorsal aspect of the neck (nucha) and in the vocal cords; also found in elastic connective tissue of blood vessel walls

A

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

32
Q

It is composed of chondrocytes, located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix. It is resilient because the proteoglycans of the matrix trap water. It provides support, but if bent or slightly compressed, it resumes its original shape.

A

Cartilage

33
Q

________ in the matrix gives cartilage flexibility and strength.

A

Collagen

34
Q

three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

35
Q

the most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions, such as covering the ends of bones, where they form joints. Also forms the cartilage rings of the respiratory tract, the nasal cartilages, and the costal cartilages, which attach the ribs to the sternum (breastbone).

A

Hyaline cartilag

36
Q

Collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in the matrix, making the matrix appear transparent; the chondrocytes are found in spaces, or lacunae, within the firm but flexible matrix

A

Hyaline Cartilage

37
Q

Allows growth of long bones; provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose; forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces; forms the embryonic skeleton

A

Hyaline Cartilage

38
Q

Can be found in growing long bones, cartilage rings of the respiratory system, costal cartilage of ribs, nasal cartilages, articulating surface of bones, and the embryonic skeleton

A

Hyaline Cartilage

39
Q

It has more collagen than hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling. It is found in the disks between the vertebrae (bones of the back) and in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular (jaw) joints.

A

Fibrocartilage

40
Q

Collagen fibers similar to those in hyaline cartilage; the fibers are more numerous than in other cartilages and are arranged in thick bundles

A

Fibrocartilage

41
Q

Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structures subjected to great pressure

A

Fibrocartilage

42
Q

Found in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and articular disks (e.g., knees and temporomandibular [jaw] joints)

A

Fibrocartilage

43
Q

It contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans. The elastic fibers appear as coiled fibers among bundles of collagen fibers. Iy is able to recoil to its original shape when bent. The external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube contain this cartilage.

A

Elastic cartilage

44
Q

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but matrix also contains elastic fibers

A

Elastic Cartilage

45
Q

Provides rigidity with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched

A

Elastic Cartilage

46
Q

Found in external ears, epiglottis, and auditory tubes

A

Elastic Cartilage

47
Q

It is a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix. Osteocytes are located within lacunae.

A

Bone

48
Q

This type of bone has spaces between trabeculae or plates, of bone and therefore resembles a sponge.

A

Spongy Bone

49
Q

This type of bone is more solid, with almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix.

A

Compact bone

50
Q

Hard, bony matrix predominates; many osteocytes (not seen in this bone preparation) are located within lacunae; the matrix is organized into layers called lamellae

A

Bone

51
Q

Provides great strength and support and protects internal organs, such as the brain; it also provides attachment sites for muscles and ligaments; the joints of bones allow movements.

It can be found in all bones of the body

A

Bone

52
Q

It a liquid connective tissue. It contains a liquid matrix called plasma and formed elements.

A

Blood

53
Q

Formed elements of blood are:

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

54
Q

Formed elements and a fluid matrix

A

Blood

55
Q

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances; protects the body from infections and is involved in temperature regulation

A

Blood

56
Q

Found within the blood vessels; white blood cells frequently leave the blood vessels and enter the extracellular spaces

A

Blood

57
Q

It’s main function is to contract, or shorten, making movement possible. The contraction results from contractile proteins located within the muscle cells.

A

Muscle tissue

58
Q

Skeletal muscle cells or fibers appear striated (banded); cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei

A

Skeletal Muscle

59
Q

Functions in movement of the body; under voluntary control and it is attached to bone or other connective tissue

A

Skeletal Muscle

60
Q

They are cylindrical and striated and have a single nucleus; they are branched and connected to one another by intercalated disks, which contain gap junctions

A

Cardiac Muscle

61
Q

It pumps the blood; under involuntary (unconscious) control and is found in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

62
Q

They are tapered at each end, are not striated, and have a single nucleus and found in hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestine; skin and eyes

A

Smooth Muscle

63
Q

Regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, and produces “goose bumps” in the skin; under involuntary (unconscious) control

A

Smooth Muscle

64
Q

It is a neuron consists of dendrites, a cell body, and a long axon; glia, or support cells, surround the neurons. It is found in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia

A

Nervous Tissue

65
Q

Neurons transmit information in the form of action potentials, store information, and integrate and evaluate data; glia support, protect, and form specialized sheaths around axons

A

Nervous Tissue

66
Q

A thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity.

A

Tissue membrane

67
Q
  • consist of epithelial cells, their basement membrane, and a thick layer of loose connective tissue.
  • line cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts.
  • functions are protection, absorption, and secretion.
A

Mucous membranes

68
Q
  • line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body, such as the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities.
  • consist of three components: a layer of simple squamous epithelium, its basement membrane, and a delicate layer of loose connective tissue.
  • do not contain glands, but they secrete a small amount of fluid called serous fluid, which lubricates the surface of the membranes.
A

Serous membranes

69
Q
  • line the cavities of freely movable joints.
  • made up of only connective tissue and consist of modified connective tissue cells.
  • produce synovial fluid, which makes the joint very slippery, thereby reducing friction and allowing smooth movement within the joint.
A

Synovial membranes

70
Q

It occurs when tissues are damaged. It produces five major symptoms: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function.

A

Inflammation

71
Q
  • involves substitution of dead cells for viable cells.
  • can occur by regeneration or replacement.
A

Tissue repair

72
Q

The new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.

A

Regeneration

73
Q

A new type of tissue develops, which eventually produces a scar and causes loss of some tissue function.

A

Replacement

Zoology (6 decks)

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