Evolution 1

Question 1

a group of individuals that are capable of sharing alleles with one another through reproduction.

Answer 1

species

Question 2

consist of all the alleles of all genes present in the species

Answer 2

gene pool

Question 3

the study of the genetic variation in natural populations, which are interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area.

Answer 3

Population genetics

Question 4

Variation in gene pools come from:

Answer 4

independent assortment, crossing over, chance fertilization, rearrangement, mutations

Question 5

states that sexual reproduction does not reduce genetic variation generation after generation and remains constant if there are no disturbing forces

Answer 5

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Question 6

The HWE requires the following assumptions to be met:

Answer 6

• The population size must be large
• Individuals cannot migrate into or out of the population
• Mutation, selection, and migration are negligible

Question 7

the rate at which a specific allele appears within a population

Answer 7

allele frequency (or gene frequency)

Question 8

usually seen as the change in characteristics of a population

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

a change in the frequency of an allele in a population

Answer 9

Evolution

Question 10

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Answer 10

Genetic drift

Question 11

results in the elimination of a large portion of the population’s genome

Answer 11

Bottleneck effect

Question 12

a small representative of the genetic diversity of a population establishes new, reproductively isolated populations

Answer 12

founder effect

Question 13

four mechanisms of evolution

Answer 13

• Genetic drift
• Gene flow
• Mutation
• Natural selection

Question 14

any movement of individuals and the genetic material they carry from one population to another

Answer 14

Gene flow

Question 15

the change in the DNA sequence of an organism. It generates the genetic variation on which the evolutionary process depends

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

It can alter the population’s genetic makeup

Answer 16

Natural selection

Question 17

This occurs when a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction

Answer 17

Directional selection

Question 18

when natural selection selects for two or more distinct phenotypes that each have their advantages

Answer 18

Disruptive selection

Question 19

It happens when the population stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait

Answer 19

Stabilizing selection

Question 20

a mechanism of evolution in which the members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex and compete with the members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex

Answer 20

Sexual selection

Question 21

a group of interbreeding organisms

Answer 21

species

Question 22

in cases wherein there is limited or unavailable data on reproductive behavior (such as in fossils)

Answer 22

Morphological species concept

Question 23

species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Answer 23

Biological species concept

Question 24

It’s essential in speciation; individuals of different species may not mate with each other, their mating may not produce offspring, or the offspring produces may not be viable or fertile.

Answer 24

Reproductive isolation

Question 25

focuses on how species interact with their environment and with each other

Answer 25

Ecological species concept

Question 26

this defines species as the smallest group of organisms that share a common ancestor and possess derived traits or synapomorphies that distinguish them from other groups

Answer 26

Phylogenetic species concept