Evolution 2

Question 1

a continuous evolutionary process, progressing through a continuum of forms, as interbreeding populations evolve into two or more distinguishable species

Answer 1

Speciation

Question 2

refers to reproductive isolation that occurs before zygote formation for sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 2

Prezygotic

Question 3

occurs when zygotes or offspring produced from hybrid matings are non-viable or sterile

Answer 3

Postzygotic

Question 4

external environment or ecological conditions

Answer 4

extrinsic

Question 5

due to internal genomic incompatibilities

Answer 5

intrinsic

Question 6

Geographic barriers prevent gene flow

Answer 6

Geographic isolation

Question 7

“Sexual isolation” due to different mate signals prevent individuals from different populations from mating

Answer 7

Behavioral isolation

Question 8

Adaptation to different habitats and/or different activity or breeding time can inhibit gene flow

Answer 8

Ecological isolation

Question 9

Different genitalia structures impede succesful transfer or sperm despute attempted matng (copulation)

Answer 9

Mechanical isolation

Question 10

Transferred gametes cannot affect fertilization

Answer 10

Gametic isolation

Question 11

Hybrids fall between parental ecological niches

Answer 11

Ecological inviability

Question 12

Hybrids are less attractive (and successful) in obtaining mates

Answer 12

Behavioral sterility

Question 13

Hybrids suffer developmental problems

Answer 13

Hybrid inviability

Question 14

Hybrids suffer reproductive problems and produce fewer number or no functional gametes

Answer 14

Hybrid sterility

Question 15

a population becomes divided into geographically isolated subpopulations, and migration or gene flow is inhibited due to the area between subpopulations being unsuitable for survival and migration

Answer 15

Allopatric speciation

Question 16

a subpopulation can be geographically isolated from all of the other populations within the species due to the formation of physical barriers

Answer 16

Allopatric speciation

Question 17

a populations becomes split into two or more relatively large, geographically isolated subpopulations by a physical or environmental barrier to migration, resulting in prezygotic reproductive isolation

Answer 17

Dichopatric (or vicariant)

Question 18

a small group of individuals migrate and are isolated in a new niche (such as being stranded on a biogeographic island)

Answer 18

Peripatric speciation

Question 19

it can also be a manifestation of the founder effect wherein a small population establishes a geographically isolated population in a different area

Answer 19

Peripatric speciation

Question 20

there is no extrinsic barrier to gene flow and the populations partially overlap geographically

Answer 20

Parapatric speciation

Question 21

True or false: Gene flow is higher in parapatric vs allopatric speciation, but lower than sympatric

Answer 21

True

Question 22

occurs in the face of continuous gene flow

Answer 22

Sympatric speciation

Question 23

Fossils are preserved remains or traces of animals, plants and other organisms from the past

Answer 23

Paleontology

Question 24

Anatomy can also serve as an important evidence for evolution because it can preserve similarities in the structures of phylogenetically related organisms

Answer 24

Comparative anatomy

Question 25

These are features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Answer 25

Analogous structures

Question 26

these are features that may be very different in function but does share a common ancestral feature

Answer 26

Homologous structures

Question 27

these are features that were functional in the past but now are non-functional, yet remain present in organisms

Answer 27

Vestigial structures

Question 28

This field compares and contrasts embryos of different species

Answer 28

Comparative embryology

Question 29

Similarities between biological molecules can reflect shared evolutionary ancestry

Answer 29

Genetics and molecular biology

Question 30

Supports evolution by showing that species in different areas evolve unique traits to adapt to their environments

Answer 30

Biogeography