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Zoology > Cell Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Flashcards

Cell Anatomy & Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

It is between plasma membrane and nucleus and the site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

the vicious, semi-transparent fluid in which other cytoplasmic elements are suspended

A

Cytosol

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3
Q

proteins, salts, sugar and other solutes dissolve in

A

Cytosol

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4
Q

aggregates of chemicals produced or taken in by the cell and includes stored nutrients: glycogen (liver & muscle cells), lipid (fat cells), pigment ( skin & hair) and hemoglobin (red blood cells)

A

Inclusions

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5
Q

a compact storage of carbs and the body ay use it in workouts but food replenishes it

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

Red blood cells have hemoglobin for __________

A

oxygen transport

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7
Q

small organs with its own function

A

Organelles

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8
Q

What are the 2 classifications of Organelles

A

Membranous/membrane-bound and
Non-membranous

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9
Q

needs own equilibrium to function

A

Membranous/membrane-bound

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10
Q

large organelle near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

has inner and outer membrane that is bonded by the nuclear envelope and contains nuclear pores where materials can pass through

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

How many choromosomes does the nuclei of humans have?

A

23 Chromosomes

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13
Q

a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

A

Histones

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14
Q

During most cell’s life, chromosomes are loosely coiled and called

A

chromatin

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15
Q

different subunits of ribosomes are formed and exit in ________

A

nuclear pores

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16
Q

produced in nucleus and includes rRNA and proteins

A

Ribosomes

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17
Q

Unattached ribosomes are called?

A

free ribosomes

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18
Q

form sacs and tubules

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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19
Q

protein synthesis and are abundant in secretory cells, antibody-producing immune cells and liver cells

A

Rough ER

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20
Q

lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification and stores calcium ions and functions in metabolism and synthesis of lipids

A

Smooth ER

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21
Q

detoxifies drugs, certain pesticides, and cancer causing chemicals

A

Smooth ER

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22
Q

integral proteins and phospholipids are produced in

A

Rough ER

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23
Q

closely packed stacks of curved, membrane bound sacs that collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins & lipids manufactured by the ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

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24
Q

Forms vesicles

A

Golgi Apparatus

25
Q

Golgi Apparatus: cis face is?

A

Incoming proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

Golgi Apparatus: trans face is?

A

departure of newly formed vesicles from the golgi apparatus

27
Q

process that brings material into cell using vesicles

A

Endocytosis

28
Q

occurs when a specific subtance binds to the receptor molecule

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

29
Q

“cell eating”

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

“cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

opposite of endocytosis and involves use of secretory vessels

A

Exocytosis

32
Q

membrane-bound sacs are called ________

A

secretory vessels

33
Q

membrane bound vesicles that contains variety of enzymes

A

Lysosomes

34
Q

intracellular digestive systems

A

Lysosomes

35
Q

self digestion if cell ruptures

A

autophagy

36
Q

abundant in phagocytes

A

Lysosomes

37
Q

vesicles formed by endocytosis fuse with lysosome to break down materials

A

Lysosome Action

38
Q

small membranous vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other free radicals

A

Peroxisomes

39
Q

reproduce by pinching in half but most bud off to the ER

A

Peroxisomes

40
Q

is a byproduct of fatty acids and amino acid breakdown and can be toxic to a cell & is broken down into water or used in other reactions

A

hydrogen peroxide

41
Q

responsible for producing ATP by aerobic metabolism. It has outer and inner membrane

A

Mitochondria

42
Q

inner membrane of mitochondria forms ________, which is a gel-like substance that protrude into the matrix

A

cristae

43
Q

Mitochondria doesn’t reporduce with the cell — produces its own energy via _____________

A

endosymbiosis

44
Q

used to be free living organisms ; thought to be eaten by bigger cells

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

skeleton of all cells and consists of protein structures that support the cell, holds organelles, and enables cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

46
Q

What are the 3 cytoskeletal elements?

A

microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

47
Q

smallest kind of site for cells, has two subunits — globular actin and filamentous actin — and is able to shorten or contract

A

Microfilaments

48
Q

bigger than microfilaments; smaller than microtubules and the mechanical support

A

Intermediate filaments

49
Q

hollow structure from protein subunits: alpha and beta tubulin. It help support cytoplasm, assist in cell division, form essential components like flagella and cilia

A

Microtubules

50
Q

support cytoplasm and determine cell shape

A

globular actin and filamentous actin

51
Q

where formation of microtubules occurs

A

Centrosome

52
Q

2 centrioles are _____________ to each other

A

perpendicular

53
Q

contain microtubule triplets and is involved in mitosis

A

centriole

54
Q

cellular project of surface of cells and is responsible for movement of materials on top of cells

A

Cilia

55
Q

cylindrical structures that extend from the cell and is composed of microtubules

A

Cilia

56
Q

structure similar to cilia but much longer

A

Flagella

57
Q

usually only occur once per cell

A

Flagella

58
Q

supported by microfilaments and don’t actively move

A

Microvilli

59
Q

supported by microfilaments and don’t actively move

A

Microvilli

Zoology (6 decks)

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