Metabolism

Question 1

Describes all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

What is the goal of metabolism?

Answer 2

Convert initial substrate

Question 3

A series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate through a series of metabolic intermediates, eventually resulting in a final product or products

Answer 3

Metabolic pathway

Question 4

Two types of metabolism:

Answer 4

Anabolism and catabolism

Question 5

The four general stages in the biochemical
energy production:

Answer 5

Stage 1: Digestion
Stage 2: Acetyl group formation
Stage 3: Citric acid cycle
Stage 4: Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

What is the end product of digestion?

Answer 7

• Glucose and monosaccharides
• Amino acids
• Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Where does acetyl group formation occurs?

Answer 8

Cytosol and mitochondria

Question 9

The end product of acetyl group formation?

Answer 9

acetyl CoA and reduced coenzyme NADH

Question 10

Where does citric acid cycle take place in?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What is the end product of citric acid cycle?

Answer 11

CO2 and energy

Question 12

In citric acid cycle, citrate is turned into?

Answer 12

Isocitrate

Question 13

In citric acid cycle, Isocitrate is turned into?

Answer 13

a-ketoglutarate

Question 14

In citric acid cycle, a-ketoglutarate is turned into?

Answer 14

Succinyl-Coenzyme A

Question 15

In citric acid cycle, Succinyl-Coenzyme A is turned into?

Answer 15

Succinate

Question 16

In citric acid cycle, Succinate is turned into?

Answer 16

Fumarate

Question 17

In citric acid cycle, Fumarate is turned into?

Answer 17

Malate

Question 18

In citric acid cycle, Malate is turned into?

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate

Question 19

In citric acid cycle, Oxaloacetate is turned into?

Answer 19

Citrate

Question 20

Where does electron transport chain occur?

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

The end product of electron transport chain

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

the molecule that makes energy available within all cells.

Answer 22

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 23

The energy currency of the cell

Answer 23

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 24

True or false: Adenosine is a nucleoside

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is ATP comprised of?

Answer 25

nitrogen-containing base (adenine), a sugar (ribose), and three phosphate groups

Question 26

Organelles most responsible for energy conversions. They can also multiply and increase their numbers when energy demands increase.

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

Catalysts that do not get incorporated into the products of their reaction.

Answer 27

Enzymes

Question 28

Requires oxygen to metabolize glucose and produce ATP

Answer 28

Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 29

Aerobic cellular respiration has three stages:

Answer 29

- Glycolysis. - The citric acid cycle. - The electron transport chain

Question 30

Glucose has how many carbons

Answer 30

Six

Question 31

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

Which steps in glycolysis uses 1 ATP each?

Answer 32

Steps 1 and 3

Question 33

Which steps in glycolysis produce 2 ATP?

Answer 33

Steps 7 and 10

Question 34

The first set of reactions animals use to harvest energy occurs in the cytoplasm.

Answer 34

Glycolysis

Question 35

10-step metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate (a C₃ molecule)

Answer 35

Glycolysis

Question 36

End product of glycolysis?

Answer 36

Pyruvate

Question 37

The control ponts of glycolysis:

Answer 37

Steps 1, 3, and 10

Question 38

Both pyruvate kinase (Step 10) and phosphofructokinase (Step 3) are?

Answer 38

allosteric enzymes

Question 39

How many ATP are produced in krebs cycle

Answer 39

2

Question 40

How many ATP are produced during glycolysis and the net gain.

Answer 40

4; 2

Question 41

How many ATP are produced in skeletal muscle and nerve cells

Answer 41

30

Question 42

How many ATP are produced in heart and liver cells

Answer 42

32

Question 43

Is the series of biochemical reactions in which the acetyl portion of acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide and the reduced coenzymes FADH₂ and NADH are produced

Answer 43

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 44

Also know as: - Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) - Presence of three carboxylate groups in citric acid - Krebs cycle - Named after Hans Krebs who elucidated this pathway

Answer 44

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 45

Krebs cycle is named after:

Answer 45

Hans Krebs

Question 46

Important reactions in the citric acid cycle include:

Answer 46

Reduction and decarboxylation

Question 47

In every turn of CAC it produces:

Answer 47

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

Question 48

Series of biochemical reactions in which intermediate carriers aid the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH₂

Answer 48

The Electron Transport Chain

Question 49

Complex I of ETC:

Answer 49

NADH–coenzyme Q reductase

Question 50

Complex II of ETC:

Answer 50

Succinate–coenzyme Q reductase

Question 51

Complex III of ETC:

Answer 51

Coenzyme Q–cytochrome c reductase

Question 52

Complex IV of ETC:

Answer 52

Cytochrome c oxidase

Question 53

Two mobile electron carriers

Answer 53

Coenzyme Q and cytochrome c

Question 54

Process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP using the energy released in the electron transport chain

Answer 54

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 55

Pairs of biochemical reactions that occur concurrently in which energy released by one reaction is used in the other reaction

Answer 55

Coupled reactions

Question 56

is used in a versatile set of metabolic pathways—the pathways can do much more than metabolize glucose

Answer 56

Anaerobic cellular respiration