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Zoology > Tissues 1 > Flashcards

Tissues 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them.

A

tissue

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2
Q

is the study of tissues.

A

Histology

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3
Q

a covering or lining tissue

A

Epithelial

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4
Q

a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body

A

Connective

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5
Q

a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible

A

Muscle

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6
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Covers different organs
b. Structural support
c. Contracts for movement
d. Coordination and control
e. None of the options

A

a. Covers different organs

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7
Q

Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the _________ and _________ glands.

A

exocrine and endocrine

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8
Q

Which among the following are NOT characteristics of epithelial tissues?
a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized
c. Regenerative
d. Covers body surfaces
e. None of the options

A

a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized

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9
Q

Which among the following are NOT functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Absorbs substances
b. Serves as a barrier
c. Releases substances
d. Allows passage of some substances
e. None of the options

A

e. None of the options

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10
Q

consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface.

A

Simple epithelium

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11
Q

consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane.

A

Stratified epithelium

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12
Q

a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified. It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane. Due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia appears stratified.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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13
Q

Ephithelial cells are flat or scalelike

A

Squamous

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14
Q

Ephithelial cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they are tall.

A

Cuboidal

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15
Q

Ephithelial cells tend to be taller than they are wide.

A

Columnar

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16
Q

Which among the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?
a. Simple stratified
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Pseudostratified columnar
d. Stratified squamous
e. None of the options

A

a. Simple stratified

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17
Q

It is a single layer of thin, flat cells.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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18
Q

In the lungs, simple squamous epithelium, allows for _________

A

gas exchange

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19
Q

In the kidneys, simple squamous epithelium, helps filter wastes from the blood while keeping blood cells inside the blood vessels. True or false?

A

True

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20
Q

Single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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21
Q

Functions as diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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22
Q

Can be found in lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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23
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
a. Skin
b. Cheeks
c. Alveoli
d. Stomach
e. None of the options

A

c. Alveoli

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24
Q

It is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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25
Q

Single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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26
Q

Functions in secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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27
Q

Can be found kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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28
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
a. Nasal sinus
b. Trachea
c. Stomach
d. Kidney tubules
e. None of the options

A

b. Trachea

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29
Q

It is a single layer of tall, thin cells. The large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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30
Q

Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines)

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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31
Q

Functions in movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

32
Q

Can be found in glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

33
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Intestines
Ovary
Pharynx
Bronchi
None of the options

A

Intestines

34
Q

It secretes mucus, which covers its free surface. Cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

36
Q

Funtions as synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

37
Q

Can be found in lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

38
Q

Which is a function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Secretes mucus into the respiratory system
Absorption of nutrients in the stomach
Secretion by kidney tubules
Filtration of fluids
None of the options

A

Secretes mucus into the respiratory system

39
Q

It forms a thick epithelium because it consists of several layers of cells.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

40
Q

The two types of stratified squamous epithelia:

A

keratinized and nonkeratinized

41
Q

The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a ___________. It reduces the loss of water from the body.

A

keratinized squamous epithelium

42
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth is a moist _____________. This provides protection against abrasion and acts as a mechanical barrier.

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized (moist) or keratinized; in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm; in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

44
Q

Functions in protection against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

45
Q

Found in:
Keratinized—outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized—mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

46
Q

Which is a function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia
Increases resilience of tissues against damage
Absorbs fluids in nonkeratinized epithelia
Forms a barrier against pathogens
All of the options

A

Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia and Forms a barrier against pathogens

47
Q

It is a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.

A

Transitional epithelium

48
Q

Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

A

Transitional epithelium

49
Q

Functions by accommodating fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine

A

Transitional Epithelium

50
Q

Can be found in lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

A

Transitional Epithelium

51
Q

Which is a function of transitional epithelium?
Cushions impacts
Allows organs to stretch when necessary
Protects the intestines from acid
Squeezes fluids
None of the options

A

Allows organs to stretch when necessary

52
Q

Most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues. True or false?

A

True

53
Q

It can be smooth or lined with microvilli or cilia.

A

Free surface

54
Q

______ move materials over the top of the cell.

A

Cilia

55
Q

_________ increase surface area.

A

Microvilli

56
Q

They are mechanical links that bind cells together

A

Desmosomes

57
Q

They are half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane.

A

Hemidesmosomes

58
Q

They are cell connection structures that form barriers and anchor cells to each other. They are found in the lining of the intestines.

A

Tight junctions

59
Q

Structures called ________ are found just below the tight junctions, and help tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other.

A

adhesion belts

60
Q

They are secretory organs that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream. They are composed primarily of epithelium, with a supporting network of connective tissue.

A

Glands

61
Q

Glands with ducts are called __________; both the gland and its ducts are lined with epithelium.

A

exocrine glands

62
Q

___________ are ductless glands; they secrete their products (termed hormones) into the bloodstream.

A

Endocrine glands

63
Q

the tube that transports the secreted material to the free surface of the epithelium.

A

Duct

64
Q

They are glands that are composed of only a single cell.

A

Unicellular

65
Q

They are multicellular and have a single, nonbranched duct.

A

Simple glands

66
Q

They are multicellular and have several branched ducts

A

Compound glands

67
Q

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes) are called ________, whereas those shaped in saclike structures are called ___________

A

tubular ; acinar or alveolar

68
Q

glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion

A

Simple tubular

69
Q

gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched tubular

70
Q

glands with a single sac-like secretory portion

A

Simple acinar

71
Q

glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct

A

Simple branched acinar

72
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion

A

Compound tubular

73
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with several sac-like secretory portions

A

Compound acinar

74
Q

glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions

A

Compound tubuloacinar

75
Q

secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis.

A

Merocrine

76
Q

secretion involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.

A

Apocrine

77
Q

secretion involves the shedding of entire cells.

A

Holocrine

Zoology (6 decks)

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