Tissues 1 Flashcards
a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them.
tissue
is the study of tissues.
Histology
a covering or lining tissue
Epithelial
a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body
Connective
a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible
Muscle
What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Covers different organs
b. Structural support
c. Contracts for movement
d. Coordination and control
e. None of the options
a. Covers different organs
Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the _________ and _________ glands.
exocrine and endocrine
Which among the following are NOT characteristics of epithelial tissues?
a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized
c. Regenerative
d. Covers body surfaces
e. None of the options
a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized
Which among the following are NOT functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Absorbs substances
b. Serves as a barrier
c. Releases substances
d. Allows passage of some substances
e. None of the options
e. None of the options
consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface.
Simple epithelium
consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane.
Stratified epithelium
a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified. It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane. Due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia appears stratified.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Ephithelial cells are flat or scalelike
Squamous
Ephithelial cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they are tall.
Cuboidal
Ephithelial cells tend to be taller than they are wide.
Columnar
Which among the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?
a. Simple stratified
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Pseudostratified columnar
d. Stratified squamous
e. None of the options
a. Simple stratified
It is a single layer of thin, flat cells.
Simple squamous epithelium
In the lungs, simple squamous epithelium, allows for _________
gas exchange
In the kidneys, simple squamous epithelium, helps filter wastes from the blood while keeping blood cells inside the blood vessels. True or false?
True
Single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Functions as diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Can be found in lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
a. Skin
b. Cheeks
c. Alveoli
d. Stomach
e. None of the options
c. Alveoli
It is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Functions in secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Can be found kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
a. Nasal sinus
b. Trachea
c. Stomach
d. Kidney tubules
e. None of the options
b. Trachea
It is a single layer of tall, thin cells. The large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion.
Simple columnar epithelium
Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines)
Simple columnar epithelium
Functions in movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Can be found in glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Intestines
Ovary
Pharynx
Bronchi
None of the options
Intestines
It secretes mucus, which covers its free surface. Cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Funtions as synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Can be found in lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Which is a function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Secretes mucus into the respiratory system
Absorption of nutrients in the stomach
Secretion by kidney tubules
Filtration of fluids
None of the options
Secretes mucus into the respiratory system
It forms a thick epithelium because it consists of several layers of cells.
Stratified squamous epithelium
The two types of stratified squamous epithelia:
keratinized and nonkeratinized
The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a ___________. It reduces the loss of water from the body.
keratinized squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth is a moist _____________. This provides protection against abrasion and acts as a mechanical barrier.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized (moist) or keratinized; in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm; in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Functions in protection against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Found in:
Keratinized—outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized—mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Which is a function of stratified squamous epithelium?
Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia
Increases resilience of tissues against damage
Absorbs fluids in nonkeratinized epithelia
Forms a barrier against pathogens
All of the options
Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia and Forms a barrier against pathogens
It is a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.
Transitional epithelium
Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid
Transitional epithelium
Functions by accommodating fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine
Transitional Epithelium
Can be found in lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra
Transitional Epithelium
Which is a function of transitional epithelium?
Cushions impacts
Allows organs to stretch when necessary
Protects the intestines from acid
Squeezes fluids
None of the options
Allows organs to stretch when necessary
Most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues. True or false?
True
It can be smooth or lined with microvilli or cilia.
Free surface
______ move materials over the top of the cell.
Cilia
_________ increase surface area.
Microvilli
They are mechanical links that bind cells together
Desmosomes
They are half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane.
Hemidesmosomes
They are cell connection structures that form barriers and anchor cells to each other. They are found in the lining of the intestines.
Tight junctions
Structures called ________ are found just below the tight junctions, and help tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other.
adhesion belts
They are secretory organs that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream. They are composed primarily of epithelium, with a supporting network of connective tissue.
Glands
Glands with ducts are called __________; both the gland and its ducts are lined with epithelium.
exocrine glands
___________ are ductless glands; they secrete their products (termed hormones) into the bloodstream.
Endocrine glands
the tube that transports the secreted material to the free surface of the epithelium.
Duct
They are glands that are composed of only a single cell.
Unicellular
They are multicellular and have a single, nonbranched duct.
Simple glands
They are multicellular and have several branched ducts
Compound glands
Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes) are called ________, whereas those shaped in saclike structures are called ___________
tubular ; acinar or alveolar
glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion
Simple tubular
gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct
Simple branched tubular
glands with a single sac-like secretory portion
Simple acinar
glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct
Simple branched acinar
glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion
Compound tubular
glands with multiple ducts, each with several sac-like secretory portions
Compound acinar
glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions
Compound tubuloacinar
secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis.
Merocrine
secretion involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.
Apocrine
secretion involves the shedding of entire cells.
Holocrine
