Tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 major types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular
What is epithelial tissue?
It is basically all “Skin”. It covered the outer surface of the body and most inner cavities of the body (mouth, respiratory, reproductive)
What are goblet cells?
Mucous producing cells
What 5 things do epithelial cells do?
Protect
Absorb
Filter
Secrete
Transport
What is an example of epithelial transportation?
The cilia in the nasal cavity move snot down into the throat
The outer surface of epithelial tissue is what?
Unattached - dead skin cells
Nitrogen does what to blood vessles?
Dilates them (think: nitroglycerin)
Define “fascia”
A sheath of connective tissue that surrounds every part of the body
What is stratified epithelium?
Multilayered epithelium (think: normal skin)
What is single epithelium?
Single layered epithelium
What are the four types of epithelial tissue?
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnal
Pseudostratified
Columnar epithelium
What does columnar tissue look like under a microscope?
Rectangles
What does cuboidal tissue look like under a microscope?
Cubes
What does squamous tissue look like under a microscope?
Squishy blobs
Hyaline means what?
Glasslike
The brain, spinal cord and nerves are made up of what kind of tissue?
Nervous tissue
How many bones do you have?
206
What are the 2 components of the nervous system?
Central
Autonomic
What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic (stress & fight/flight)
Parasympathetic (rest & digest)
Mucous membranes line what?
All body cavities that open to the exterior of the body.
Serous membranes line what?
Ventral body cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body (pleura, pericardium, mediastinum)
Meninges line what?
The central nervous system
What are the 4 steps in wound repair?
Clot/scab
Repairs begin
Cells multiply
Scab detaches
What are keloid?
Excessive fibroids during healing
What is fibrosis?
Replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
Define “neuroglia”
The cells that support neurons. They attach to neurons and vascular structure, they supply neurons with nutrients so they don’t die
What part of the neuron is the axon?
The “arm” of the neuron
What is an astrocyte?
A type of neuroglia that allows the transport of nutrients to neurons from the vascular system
Exocrine glandular epithelia do what?
Excrete to outside the body
Endocrine glandular epithelia do what?
Excrete within the body
What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?
Connection
Support
Protection
Fat storage (adipose)
Transportation (blood)
What is an isotope?
An elemental that has a different number of neutrons than on the periodic table
What are the 3 types of chemical bonds?
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
What does it mean if a substance has a (-) charge?
That they took an electron from something else
What does it mean if a substance has a (+) charge?
That it shared/gave away an electron
H+ is what? (pH)
Acidic
OH- is what? (pH)
Basic/Alkaline
Regeneration is defined as what?
Replacement of tissues via mitosis
What are the 5 epithelial membranes?
Mucous
Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum
Mesentery
What are 3 epithelial tissues?
Cutaneous
Mucus
Serous
What are 5 connective coverings?
Shapes
Synovial
Periosteum
Perichondrium
Meninges
Facia
When two or more tissues combine they form what?
Organs
What does nervous tissue do?
Provides us with control and communication
What does muscle tissue do?
Provides us with movement
What does epithelial tissue do?
Covers and protects the body
What does connective tissue do?
Connective
What components make up the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
What components make up the peripheral nervous system?
All the nerves in your body
What are the 2 main functions of nervous tissue?
Sensing stimuli and sending impulses (signals) throughout the body
What are glial cells?
Cells that provide protection, support, insulation and tethering to neurons
Describe what muscle tissue looks like
Long parallel tubes with stripes with purple dots
Is skeletal muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary, you use your brain to control it
Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary, it works without you thinking about it
What does cardiac tissue look like?
Variety of striped tubes with fewer purple spots than skeletal muscle, darker colours at the edges where they connect. Branching structure
What does smooth muscle tissue look like?
Closely packed smooth sheets without stripes. Squished rectangles sorta
Smooth muscle tissue is voluntary in involuntary
Involuntary
What is the proper epithelium?
Epithelium that covers the entire outer and inner body
What does “invagination” mean?
The action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch
What is the glandular epithelium?
Forms glands and secretes hormones and other stuff
True or false: epithelial tissues are avascular
True, they do not have a blood supply. They get their nutrients from the blood supply of neighboring connective tissues
Describe what a squamous cell looks like
Flat, squished “scales” with a purple nucleus in the middle
What do squamous cells do?
Protection and allow the transfer of things
What do cuboidal cells do?
Absorb nutrients and produce secretions
What do columnar cells do?
Absorb nutrients, secrete and cushion underlying tissues
Which type of epithelial cells require the fewest resources to make?
Squamous
What is the top part of epithelial tissue called?
Apical (which is exposed to either the cavity it is lining or the outside world)
What is the bottom surface of epithelial tissue called?
Basal (connecting it to the basement membrane)
True or false: most epithelial tissue is selectively permeable
True
