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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major types of tissues?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

It is basically all “Skin”. It covered the outer surface of the body and most inner cavities of the body (mouth, respiratory, reproductive)

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3
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Mucous producing cells

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4
Q

What 5 things do epithelial cells do?

A

Protect
Absorb
Filter
Secrete
Transport

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5
Q

What is an example of epithelial transportation?

A

The cilia in the nasal cavity move snot down into the throat

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6
Q

The outer surface of epithelial tissue is what?

A

Unattached - dead skin cells

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7
Q

Nitrogen does what to blood vessles?

A

Dilates them (think: nitroglycerin)

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8
Q

Define “fascia”

A

A sheath of connective tissue that surrounds every part of the body

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9
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

Multilayered epithelium (think: normal skin)

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10
Q

What is single epithelium?

A

Single layered epithelium

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11
Q

What are the four types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple cuboidal
Simple columnal
Pseudostratified
Columnar epithelium

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12
Q

What does columnar tissue look like under a microscope?

A

Rectangles

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13
Q

What does cuboidal tissue look like under a microscope?

A

Cubes

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14
Q

What does squamous tissue look like under a microscope?

A

Squishy blobs

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15
Q

Hyaline means what?

A

Glasslike

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16
Q

The brain, spinal cord and nerves are made up of what kind of tissue?

A

Nervous tissue

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17
Q

How many bones do you have?

A

206

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18
Q

What are the 2 components of the nervous system?

A

Central
Autonomic

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19
Q

What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (stress & fight/flight)
Parasympathetic (rest & digest)

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20
Q

Mucous membranes line what?

A

All body cavities that open to the exterior of the body.

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21
Q

Serous membranes line what?

A

Ventral body cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body (pleura, pericardium, mediastinum)

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22
Q

Meninges line what?

A

The central nervous system

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23
Q

What are the 4 steps in wound repair?

A

Clot/scab
Repairs begin
Cells multiply
Scab detaches

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24
Q

What are keloid?

A

Excessive fibroids during healing

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25
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

Replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

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26
Q

Define “neuroglia”

A

The cells that support neurons. They attach to neurons and vascular structure, they supply neurons with nutrients so they don’t die

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27
Q

What part of the neuron is the axon?

A

The “arm” of the neuron

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28
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

A type of neuroglia that allows the transport of nutrients to neurons from the vascular system

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29
Q

Exocrine glandular epithelia do what?

A

Excrete to outside the body

30
Q

Endocrine glandular epithelia do what?

A

Excrete within the body

31
Q

What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?

A

Connection
Support
Protection
Fat storage (adipose)
Transportation (blood)

32
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An elemental that has a different number of neutrons than on the periodic table

33
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

34
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a (-) charge?

A

That they took an electron from something else

34
Q

What does it mean if a substance has a (+) charge?

A

That it shared/gave away an electron

35
Q

H+ is what? (pH)

A

Acidic

36
Q

OH- is what? (pH)

A

Basic/Alkaline

37
Q

Regeneration is defined as what?

A

Replacement of tissues via mitosis

38
Q

What are the 5 epithelial membranes?

A

Mucous
Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum
Mesentery

39
Q

What are 3 epithelial tissues?

A

Cutaneous
Mucus
Serous

40
Q

What are 5 connective coverings?

Shapes

A

Synovial
Periosteum
Perichondrium
Meninges
Facia

41
Q

When two or more tissues combine they form what?

A

Organs

42
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

Provides us with control and communication

43
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

Provides us with movement

44
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

Covers and protects the body

45
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Connective

46
Q

What components make up the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

47
Q

What components make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

All the nerves in your body

48
Q

What are the 2 main functions of nervous tissue?

A

Sensing stimuli and sending impulses (signals) throughout the body

49
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Cells that provide protection, support, insulation and tethering to neurons

49
Q

Describe what muscle tissue looks like

A

Long parallel tubes with stripes with purple dots

50
Q

Is skeletal muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary, you use your brain to control it

51
Q

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary, it works without you thinking about it

52
Q

What does cardiac tissue look like?

A

Variety of striped tubes with fewer purple spots than skeletal muscle, darker colours at the edges where they connect. Branching structure

53
Q

What does smooth muscle tissue look like?

A

Closely packed smooth sheets without stripes. Squished rectangles sorta

54
Q

Smooth muscle tissue is voluntary in involuntary

A

Involuntary

55
Q

What is the proper epithelium?

A

Epithelium that covers the entire outer and inner body

56
Q

What does “invagination” mean?

A

The action or process of being turned inside out or folded back on itself to form a cavity or pouch

57
Q

What is the glandular epithelium?

A

Forms glands and secretes hormones and other stuff

58
Q

True or false: epithelial tissues are avascular

A

True, they do not have a blood supply. They get their nutrients from the blood supply of neighboring connective tissues

59
Q

Describe what a squamous cell looks like

A

Flat, squished “scales” with a purple nucleus in the middle

60
Q

What do squamous cells do?

A

Protection and allow the transfer of things

61
Q

What do cuboidal cells do?

A

Absorb nutrients and produce secretions

62
Q

What do columnar cells do?

A

Absorb nutrients, secrete and cushion underlying tissues

63
Q

Which type of epithelial cells require the fewest resources to make?

A

Squamous

64
Q

What is the top part of epithelial tissue called?

A

Apical (which is exposed to either the cavity it is lining or the outside world)

65
Q

What is the bottom surface of epithelial tissue called?

A

Basal (connecting it to the basement membrane)

66
Q

True or false: most epithelial tissue is selectively permeable

A

True

67
Q
A
68
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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