Reproductive Flashcards
Give an example of gametes
Sperm and egg
What are the 4 types of structures in the male reproductive system?
Testes, genital ducts, accessory glands and external genitals
Haploid cells have how many chromosomes?
23
Diploid cells have how many chromosomes?
46
What is meiosis?
The production of haploid cells (gamestes)
What are the 4 parts of a sperm cell?
Head (nucleus), acrosome (contains fertilization enzymes), body (mitochondria), tail (flagellum)
Describe the male genital ducts (4 parts)
Epididymis (2), vas deference (2), ejaculatory ducts (2) and urethra (1)
What is the purpose of the male genital ducts?
Transportation of glandular secretions including sperm
What is the purpose of male accessory glands?
Make the ducts safe for sperm by neutralizing pH and the secretions mix with sperm to form semen
What are the male external genitals? (2)
Scrotum (contains testes), penis
What are the 4 structures of the penis?
Shaft (erectile tissue), glans (tip), urethral meatus (urethral opening), prepuce (foreskin)
What are the effects of testosterone for men?
Sperm development
Primary sex characteristics (maturation and enlargement of penis and testes)
Secondary sex characteristics (hair growth and distribution, voice deepens, skin thickens, glandular activity increases, “male physique”)
Which 3 hormone are associated with control/regulation of testes and their function?
FSH (stimulates sperm production), LH (stimulates testosterone secretion), testosterone (negative feedback control)
What is the role of the male reproductive system?
Produce sperm, secrete hormones and deliver genetic information for reproduction (sperm)
What is the role of the female reproductive system?
Produce eggs, secrete hormones and nurture/grow/protect a fetus for the duration of pregnancy
Explain the difference between mitosis vs meiosis
Mitosis make diploid copies of itself (body cells)
Meiosis makes haploid cells (gametes)
How many divisions happen in meiosis
Twice (PMAT x2)
Where is sperm stored?
Epididymis
What is most of the semen’s volume made up of?
Secretions from the seminal vesicles (60%)
What are the 4 hormones associated with the ovaries?
FSH (making follicles), LH (ovulation regulation), estrogen (egg maturation and menstrual cycle), progesterone (pregnancy, milk production, menstrual cycle)
What are the effects of estrogen for women?
Egg maturation, secondary sex characteristics, maturation of reproductive organs, menstruation, closure of epiphyseal discs
What are the 3 parts of the female genital tract?
Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina
What are the fimbriae?
The part of the oviducts that sweep eggs into the tubes
How many cycles are in the female reproductive cycles?
2: ovarian and uterine
