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Anatomy and Physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Name the glands of the endocrine system in the brain

A

Hypothalamus, pineal and pituitary

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2
Q

Name the glands of the endocrine system found in the neck

A

Thyroid and parathyroid

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3
Q

Name the glands of the endocrine system found in the neck

A

Thyroid and parathyroid

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4
Q

Name the glands of the endocrine system in the torso/abdomen/pelvis

A

Thymus adrenal, pancreas and gonads

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5
Q

Endocrine glands release hormones into what?

A

The blood

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6
Q

True if false: endocrine glands have ducts

A

False

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7
Q

True or false: certain endocrine glands also have an exocrine function?

A

True, for example the pancreas when it releases into the small intestine

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8
Q

Which gland secretes melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

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9
Q

What gland secretes FSH/LH, ADH, growth hormone, oxytocin and prolactin?

A

Pituitary gland

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10
Q

Which gland secretes thyroxin?

A

Thyroid gland

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11
Q

Which gland releases adrenaline and cortisol?

A

Adrenal glands

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12
Q

Which gland releases insulin and glucagon?

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Which gland releases estrogen and progesterone?

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

Which gland releases testosterone?

A

Testes

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15
Q

Describe the relationship between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus makes hormones and the posterior pituitary gland holds onto and secretes them

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16
Q

True or false: the posterior pituitary gland can make its own hormones

A

False: the anterior pituitary gland can make its own hormones, the posterior pituitary gland cannot. They are both heavily regulated by the hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

18
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Growth hormone (GH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

19
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Increases contraction to induce labour and birth
Release of milk after birth

20
Q

What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

A

Causes the kidneys to release less water which decreases the amount of urine produced

21
Q

What does growth hormone (GH) do?

A

Promote growth in childhood and help regulate metabolism

22
Q

What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

A

Stimulates the production of gametes (sperm and eggs)

23
Q

What is the function of prolactin (PRL)?

A

Stimulates the production of milk in women. It has no known function in men

24
Q

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

A

In women it regulates the menstrual cycle and in men it causes the testicles to make testosterone

25
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

A

It tells the thyroid how much hormone to release

26
Q

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

A

Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol

27
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Helps regulate the circadian rhythm. Sleep-wake cycle

28
Q

What does T3 & T4 do?

A

Regulates metabolic relate, heart functions, digestive functions and muscle control

29
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

Lowers blood calcium

30
Q

What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

A

Raised blood calcium levels

31
Q

When is the thymus most active?

A

Before adulthood

32
Q

What does thymosin do?

A

Impact immune system function (such as stimulating the production of T-cells)

33
Q

What does thymosin do?

A

Impact immune system function

34
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?

A

The adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex

35
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

36
Q

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

37
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Tells body cells to take in glucose they need to survive which lowers blood sugar levels

38
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Raises blood sugar. One way it can do this is by telling the liver to convert it’s glycogen into glucose

39
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

Promotes uterine lining growth and development of secondary female sex characteristics

40
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Promotes uterine lining growth and maintenance (essential during pregnancy)

41
Q

What do androgens do?

A

Helps make sperm and development of male secondary sex characteristics

42
Q

True or false: males and females both have estrogen, progesterone and androgen

A

True, just in different levels with different functions

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