Tissue Reactions Flashcards
Bone in a healthy person or animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. In other words, bone is laid down where needed and resorbed (broken down) where not needed
Wolff’s Law
Bone resorption (breakdown) is associated with osteo____
Clasts
Bone deposition (building) is associated with osteo____
Blasts
____ occur through an accumulation of many loading moments
Fractures
List the 4 ways bone reacts:
- Local death
- Alteration of bone deposition (production problem)
- Alteration of bone resorption (break down problem)
- Mechanical failure (fracture)
What causes bone death?
Deprivation of it’s blood supply (avascular necrosis)
In osteoporosis, bone ____ exceeds bone ____
Resorption, deposition
Articular cartilage, which covers the parts of bones associated with joints, is also known as ____
Hyaline cartilage
____ cartilage contains no blood vessels, lymphatics, or nerves
Articular (hyaline)
Fissuring =
Cracking
Uncovering of collagen fibrils =
Fibrillation
Softening =
Chondromalacia
Articular cartilage’s main source of nutrition?
Synovial fluid
Disorders and injuries of ___ constitute the greatest single cause of disability in civilized mankind
Joints
Synovial membranes are capable of reacting to abnormal conditions in what three ways?
- Effusion (Swelling)
- Hypertrophy (enlargement)
- Adhesions
The fibrous joint capsule and ligaments provide ____ to joints
Stability
Fibrous joint capsules and ligaments react to abnormal conditions in what two ways?
- Joint laxity (sprain)
2. Joint contracture (tightening/shortening)
Articular cartilage is type __ collagen, while tendons and ligaments are mostly type __ collagen
II, I
Ground substance viability depends heavily on ____
Motion
The temporary elongation that occurs when stress/load is applied within physiologic limits
Strain
The amount of load or tension placed upon a unit of cross sectional area
Stress
The permanent elongation of tissue
Plastic deformation
Viscoelasticity (stiffness and stretch) is _____, meaning structures display an increase in strength and stiffness with an increased loading rate
Rate dependent
Ligaments and tendon’s remodel in response to mechanical demands placed up them
Davis’ Law (of soft tissue remodeling)
SAID Principle?
Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands (use it or lose it)
Occlusion of arteries supplying muscle can lead to death of the muscle cells (ischemic necrosis) within __ hours
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