NMS2 Posture

Question 1

The relationship of various body parts to one another

Answer 1

Posture

Question 2

T/F, there is no single best posture for all individuals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A simple tool to aid in the evaluation of posture is a ____

Answer 3

Plumb-line

Question 4

Which spinal curves are present at birth?

Answer 4

Kyphotic (thoracic, sacrum-known as primary curves)

Question 5

Which spinal curves are secondary and developed over time?

Answer 5

Lordotic (cervical, lumbar)

Question 6

These receptors are sensitive to stimuli arising from outside the body. Located at or near body surfaces (touch, pressure, pain, temp)

Answer 6

Exteroceptors

Question 7

These receptors monitor the degree of stretch. Located in musculoskeletal organs (muscle spindles, GTOs, Joint receptors)

Answer 7

Proprioceptors

Question 8

These receptors receive stimuli from internal viscera

Answer 8

Interoceptors (visceroceptors)

Question 9

Postural muscles are also known as ____ muscles. They tend to be short and tight

Answer 9

Tonic

Question 10

The ___ reflex is produced in response to alteration in the position of the head relative to the body

Answer 10

Tonic neck

Question 11

The neck righting reflex occurs in the cervical spine around ___ (segment)

Answer 11

C6

Question 12

Pes planus

Answer 12

Flat feet

Question 13

Pes cavus

Answer 13

High arched feet (fixed plantar flexion of the foot)

Question 14

Name the three subsets of idiopathic structural scoliosis

Answer 14

1. Infantile (birth to age 3)
2. Juvenile (age 4-10)
3. Adolescent (age 11-18)

Question 15

The most common type of idiopathic structural scoliosis?

Answer 15

Adolescent

Question 16

A scoliosis caused by upper motor neuron damage (spastic muscles) would be considered a ____ structural scoliosis

Answer 16

Neuromuscular

Question 17

A scoliosis caused by neurofibromatosis (i.e. Cafe au lait spots) would be considered a ____ structural scoliosis

Answer 17

Congenital

Question 18

A compensatory scoliosis affects females over males at a ratio of ___

Answer 18

9:1

Question 19

The most commonly diagnosed region of the spine for scoliosis is:

Answer 19

Thoracic

Question 20

The most common region of the spine for scoliosis in ADULTS is:

Answer 20

Lumbar

Question 21

The time interval or sequence of motion occurring between two consecutive initial contacts for the same foot.

Answer 21

Gait cycle

Question 22

The stance phase of gait accounts for __% of the gait cycle

Answer 22

62%

Question 23

Name the three subcategories of the stance phase

Answer 23

1. Heel strike
2. Mid stance
3. Toe off

Question 24

___ gait is often seen as a result of a stroke. Upper limb in Flexed position and shoulders internally rotated. Lower limb internally rotated, kneed extended, ankle inverted, plantar flexed. Gait is likely to be slow w/hip hitching of affected limb to aid floor clearance

Answer 24

Hemiplegic

Question 25

In ___ gait, spasticity is normally associated with both lower limbs. “Scissor” type gait w/narrowed base of support. “Tip toe” walking and toe dragging

Answer 25

Diplegic

Question 26

In ___ gait, the rigidity of joints results in reduced arm swing for balance. Stooped posture and flexed knees. Small steps which are shuffling in presentation.

Answer 26

Parkinsonian

Question 27

___ gait is uncoordinated steps with a wide base of support and staggering foot placement. Associated with cerebellar disturbances and can be seen in long standing alcohol dependency

Answer 27

Ataxic

Question 28

___ gait is due to hip muscular dystrophy. Bilateral will be “waddling” gait. Unilateral will present as Trendelenburg gait

Answer 28

Myopathic

Question 29

High stepping gait to gain floor clearance often due to foot drop

Answer 29

Neuropathic gaits

Question 30

Form of gait primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy. Individual is often forced to walk tip-toe unless muscles are released by surgical procedure

Answer 30

Scissors gait

Question 31

___ gait is caused by weakness of the hip abductors (mostly the gluteal musculature). “Hip drop”

Answer 31

Trendelenburg

Question 32

A variety of bizarre gaits seen with conversion reaction; usually the foot is dragged or pushed ahead instead of lifted.

Answer 32

Hysterical gait