NMS2 Posture Flashcards
The relationship of various body parts to one another
Posture
T/F, there is no single best posture for all individuals.
True
A simple tool to aid in the evaluation of posture is a ____
Plumb-line
Which spinal curves are present at birth?
Kyphotic (thoracic, sacrum-known as primary curves)
Which spinal curves are secondary and developed over time?
Lordotic (cervical, lumbar)
These receptors are sensitive to stimuli arising from outside the body. Located at or near body surfaces (touch, pressure, pain, temp)
Exteroceptors
These receptors monitor the degree of stretch. Located in musculoskeletal organs (muscle spindles, GTOs, Joint receptors)
Proprioceptors
These receptors receive stimuli from internal viscera
Interoceptors (visceroceptors)
Postural muscles are also known as ____ muscles. They tend to be short and tight
Tonic
The ___ reflex is produced in response to alteration in the position of the head relative to the body
Tonic neck
The neck righting reflex occurs in the cervical spine around ___ (segment)
C6
Pes planus
Flat feet
Pes cavus
High arched feet (fixed plantar flexion of the foot)
Name the three subsets of idiopathic structural scoliosis
- Infantile (birth to age 3)
- Juvenile (age 4-10)
- Adolescent (age 11-18)
The most common type of idiopathic structural scoliosis?
Adolescent
A scoliosis caused by upper motor neuron damage (spastic muscles) would be considered a ____ structural scoliosis
Neuromuscular
A scoliosis caused by neurofibromatosis (i.e. Cafe au lait spots) would be considered a ____ structural scoliosis
Congenital
A compensatory scoliosis affects females over males at a ratio of ___
9:1
The most commonly diagnosed region of the spine for scoliosis is:
Thoracic
The most common region of the spine for scoliosis in ADULTS is:
Lumbar
The time interval or sequence of motion occurring between two consecutive initial contacts for the same foot.
Gait cycle
The stance phase of gait accounts for __% of the gait cycle
62%
Name the three subcategories of the stance phase
- Heel strike
- Mid stance
- Toe off
___ gait is often seen as a result of a stroke. Upper limb in Flexed position and shoulders internally rotated. Lower limb internally rotated, kneed extended, ankle inverted, plantar flexed. Gait is likely to be slow w/hip hitching of affected limb to aid floor clearance
Hemiplegic
In ___ gait, spasticity is normally associated with both lower limbs. “Scissor” type gait w/narrowed base of support. “Tip toe” walking and toe dragging
Diplegic
In ___ gait, the rigidity of joints results in reduced arm swing for balance. Stooped posture and flexed knees. Small steps which are shuffling in presentation.
Parkinsonian
___ gait is uncoordinated steps with a wide base of support and staggering foot placement. Associated with cerebellar disturbances and can be seen in long standing alcohol dependency
Ataxic
___ gait is due to hip muscular dystrophy. Bilateral will be “waddling” gait. Unilateral will present as Trendelenburg gait
Myopathic
High stepping gait to gain floor clearance often due to foot drop
Neuropathic gaits
Form of gait primarily associated with spastic cerebral palsy. Individual is often forced to walk tip-toe unless muscles are released by surgical procedure
Scissors gait
___ gait is caused by weakness of the hip abductors (mostly the gluteal musculature). “Hip drop”
Trendelenburg
A variety of bizarre gaits seen with conversion reaction; usually the foot is dragged or pushed ahead instead of lifted.
Hysterical gait
