Ankle & Foot

Question 1

This joint isolates movement to purely plantar and dorsiflexion. It also transfers ground reaction forces to the knee

Answer 1

Tibiofibular joint

Question 2

The talocrural joint’s axis of motion runs:

Answer 2

• medial to lateral
• superior to inferior
• anterior to posterior

Question 3

Bones in the rear foot

Answer 3

Talus

Calcaneus

Question 4

Bones in the mid foot

Answer 4

Navicular
Cuboid
3 Cuneiform

Question 5

Bones in the fore foot

Answer 5

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 6

Explain how tibial torsion is measured

Answer 6

• A line through the tibial plateaus
• A line through the medial and lateral maleoli
• Measure angle
• Bird’s eye view (from above)

Question 7

The transverse tarsal joint (midtarsal joint) is made up of what two joints?

Answer 7

1. Calcaneocuboid jt

2. Talonavicular jt

Question 8

Inversion + PF + fore foot adduction is called:

Answer 8

Supination (of the foot)

Question 9

Eversion + DF + fore foot abduction is called:

Answer 9

Pronation

Question 10

A rigid foot is associated with ____ (Pronation, Supination)

Answer 10

Supination

Question 11

A flexible (or mobile) foot is associated with ____ (Pronation, supination)

Answer 11

Pronation

Question 12

Inversion/eversion occur primarily at what two joints of the foot?

Answer 12

• subtalar jt

- transverse tarsal jt

Question 13

Abduction/adduction occur primarily at what two joints of the foot?

Answer 13

• subtalar jt

- transverse tarsal jt

Question 14

The anterior compartment muscles of the leg perform ___ as one of their primary actions

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion

Question 15

The ligaments of the ankle provide ___ (active, passive) stability

Answer 15

Passive

Question 16

The triangle shaped ligament on the medial side of the ankle is known as:

Answer 16

Deltoid ligament

Question 17

The arch supporting ligament from the calcaneus to the navicular bone is known as:

Answer 17

Spring ligament

Question 18

Extension/dorsiflexion of metatarsophalangeal joint places traction on the plantar fascia and causes the arch to elevate. This is known as:

Answer 18

Windlass effect/mechanism

Question 19

The windlass effect causes ___ of the calcaneus coupled with ___ of the tibia and fibula

Answer 19

Inversion, external rotation

Question 20

The minimum functional range for the hallux limitus (the ability of the first proximal phalanx to extend on the metatarsal head)

Answer 20

55 degrees

Question 21

Which two joints in the foot bear most of the load?

Answer 21

1. Talonavicular

2. Cuneonavicular

Question 22

The position with the least amount of joint surface contact/congruency and ligaments are lax is known as:

Answer 22

Open/loose packed position

Question 23

Open packed position of the foot?

Answer 23

Plantar flexion

Question 24

Closed packed position of the foot?

Answer 24

Dorsiflexion

Question 25

2 phases of gait:

Answer 25

1. Stance phase

2. Swing phase

Question 26

The stance phase makes up __% of the gait cycle, while the swing phase makes up __%

Answer 26

62%, 38%