Tissue Outline Flashcards
1
Q
Tissues
A
Group of cells that perform specialized structural and functional roles
2
Q
4 types of tissues
A
Epithelial connective muscle nervous
3
Q
Avascular
A
Lacking blood vessels
4
Q
Epithelial tissue
A
Covers all the body surfaces inside and out. Avascular
5
Q
Epithelial tissue attached to
A
Basal Lamina
6
Q
Epithelial tissue lacks
A
Blood vessels
7
Q
Why does epithelial tissue heal rapidly
A
Epithelium reproduce readily
8
Q
What does epithelial tissue being tightly packed do
A
Allows it to serve as a good barrier
9
Q
Functions of epithelial tissue
A
Secretion excretion absorption and sensory reception
10
Q
How does epithelial tissue get nutrients and gases
A
Diffusion & or osmosis
11
Q
Simple squamous epithelium
A
Single layer of thin flat cells
12
Q
Substances pass easily through
A
Simple squamous epithelium
13
Q
Which tissue occurs where diffusion and filtration take place
A
Simple squamous epithelium
14
Q
Simple squamous epithelium lines
A
Air sacs of lungs, forms walls of capillaries, and covers the membranes that line body cavities
15
Q
Why can simple squamous epithelium be easily damaged
A
Thin
16
Q
Simple
A
One layer
17
Q
Squamous
A
Broad flat and round
18
Q
Only difference between simple squamous epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium
A
Cell structure
19
Q
Air sacs of lungs
A
Alveolar walls
20
Q
Simple cuboidal epithelium
A
Consists of a single layer of cube shaped cells with a centrally located spherical nuclei
21
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissues
22
Q
Covers ovaries
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
23
Q
Lines kidney tubules
A
Simple cuboidal epithelium
24
Q
Why does the simple cuboidal epithelium line kidney tubules
A
Help with the function in secretion and absorption
25
Lines ducts of glands
Simple cuboidal epithelium
26
Why does simple cuboidal epithelium line ducts of glands
Help to secrete glandular products
27
Simple columnar epithelium
Elongated and composed of a single layer
28
Simple columnar epithelium occurs in
Lining of the uterus and various organs in the digestive tract, including the stomach and intestines
29
If stretched out look like columnar
Simple columnar epithelium
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Sometimes have microvilli
Simple columnar epithelium
31
Simple columnar epithelium is relatively
Thick, provides protection for underlying tissues
32
Simple columnar epithelium secretes
Digestive fluids and absorbs nutrient molecules from digestion
33
Principal function of simple columnar epithelium
Absorption
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Microvilli
Cylindrical processes that increase the surface area of the cell membrane
35
Simple columnar epithelium has goblet
Cells that secrete a protective fluid (mucus)
36
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Appear stratified or layered but isn’t. Looks layered due to nuclei at two or more levels
37
Stratified columnar
Meant for production, found in epiglottis anus and urethra
38
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium possesses
Cilia which extend from free surfaces and move constantly
39
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has goblet
Cells that secrete mucus that is passed along by cilia
40
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the passages of
Respiratory system and tubes of the reproductive system
41
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium in respiratory
Passages the mucus traps dust and the cilia move the particles out of the way
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In reproductive tubes
The cilia of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium moves the sex cells from one region to another
43
Lungs produce
Boogers
44
Stratified squamous epithelium
Many layers of cells making this tissue thick
45
Stratified squamous epithelium forms
Outer layer of skin called the epidermis
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As skin ages it accumulates a protein called
Keratin
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Keratin function
Harden the skin cells to produce a protective material that prevents water from escaping and chemicals and microorganisms from entering
48
Stratified squamous epithelium found in
Epidermis, esophagus, vagina. Anything subjected to friction
49
As Stratified squamous epithelium makes new layers
Pushes old ones up
50
Stratified squamous epithelium close to
Vascular, get nutrients through diffusion of base membrane
51
Transitional epithelium
Specialized to respond to tension
52
Transitional epithelium found in
Lining of urinary bladder and passageways of the urinary system
53
Transitional epithelium forms
Expandable lining and forms a barrier to prevent the contents from diffusing out
54
Transitional epithelium helps with
Distention is the bladder
55
Endocrine goes
Directly into the blood stream
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Transitional epithelium also helps with
Getting rid of bad stuff in urine
57
Glandular epithelium
Composed of cells that produce and secrete substances
58
Glandular epithelium occurs mostly
In the columnar and cuboidal epithelia
59
1 or more of Glandular epithelium cells make
Gland
60
Exocrine glands
Secrete their products onto internal or external surfaces
61
Endocrine glands
Glands that secrete into tissue fluid or blood
62
Merocrine
Fluid product released by cell membrane
63
Three types of exocrine glands
Merocrine apocrine and holocrine
64
Apocrine
Cell product pinched off in secretion
65
Connective tissue
Occurs throughout the body and is most abundant type of tissue by weight
66
Connective tissue binds
Structures together, provides support, serves as framework, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, provides protection against infections, helps to repair tissue damage
67
Connective tissue cells are
Farther apart, able to reproduce, in most cases have good blood supply
68
Two cell types found in connective tissue
Resident and wandering cells
69
Resident cells
Fibroblasts and mast cells
70
Fibroblasts
Most common and produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix
71
Mast cells
Large and located near blood vessels, release heparin
72
Heparin
Prevents clotting
73
Wandering cells
Include blood cells
74
Macrophage wandering cell
Specialized to carry on phagocytosis, help to clear foreign particle from cell
75
Macrophage resembles a
Big war
76
Types of connective tissue fibers
Collagenous, elastic, reticular
77
Connective tissue fibers produced
By fibroclatis
78
Collagenous fibers
Thick thread like parts composed of the protein collagen
79
Collagenous fibers flexible but
Only slightly elastic
80
Collagenous fibers very
Strong and hold structures together (tendons)
81
Collagenous fibers called
White fibers
82
Elastic fibers
Composed of microfibeils embedded in the molecules of a protein called elastin
83
Elastic fibers have less
Strength but very elastic
84
Elastic fibers easily stretched
And can resume original shape
85
Elastic fibers called
Yellow fibers
86
Reticular fibers
Thin and composed of collagen, help to support
87
Types of connective tissue
Loose (areolar) adipose, fibrous connective, cartilage, bone
88
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body
89
Loose (areolar) connective tissue cells are mainly
Fibroblasts
90
Loose (areolar) connective tissue binds to
Skin and underlying organs
91
Loose (areolar) connective tissue fills in
Spaces between muscles
92
Loose (areolar) connective tissue lies beneath
Epithelium where it provides nourishment to epithelial cells
93
Adipose tissue
Called fat. Is a specialized form of loose connective tissue
94
Adipose tissue found
Beneath the skin and in spaces between the muscles
95
Adipose tissue serves as
Protective cushion for joints and some organs
96
Adipose tissue functions as a barrier
Even beneath the skin
97
Adipose tissue stores
Excess nutrients in fat molecules
98
Fibrous connective tissue
Contains many closely packed thick collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers
99
Fibrous connective tissue has only
A few cells
100
Fibrous connective tissue very
Strong and binds structures together
101
Examples of Fibrous connective tissue
Tendons and ligaments
102
Fibrous connective tissue have poor
Blood supply so repair occurs slowly
103
Cartilage
Rigid connective tissue
104
Cartilage supports
Parts, provides frameworks and attachments, protects underlying tissues, and forms structural models for many developing bones
105
Cartilage composed largely of
Collagenous fibers embedded in a gel like substance
106
Chondrocytes
Make up cartilage
107
Cartilage enclosed in
A covering of certain kind of connective tissue called the skin
108
Why is cartilage repair slow
Lacks direct blood supply
109
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
110
Hyaline cartilage
Most common, looks like milk glass
111
Hyaline cartilage location
Found at the ends of bones and in the soft part of the skull
112
Hyaline cartilage found in the
Supporting rings of carbon along passages
113
Elastic cartilage
Provides framework for the external tissue and parts of the larynx
114
Bone
Most rigid of connective tissue
115
Why is bone the most rigid connective tissue
Inorganic salts in the intracellular material
116
Bone provides
An internal support for cells structure
117
Bone protects
Most parts in various cavities
118
Bone serves as an attachment for
Ligaments
119
Bone forms
Blood cells and stores inorganic salts
120
Osteocytes
Bone cells
121
Bone has blood vessels
In osteonic canal for nutrient supply
122
Other connective tissue
Blood (vascular) and reticuloendothelial
123
Blood (vascular tissue)
Transports substances between body cells and external environment
124
Blood (vascular tissue) helps maintain
Stable internal conditions
125
Blood (vascular tissue) composed of
Cells called blood plasma
126
Blood plasma contain
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
127
Blood plasma
Made in the marrow of certain hollow bones
128
Muscle tissue
Contractile
129
Contractile
Change shape by becoming shorter and thicker
130
As muscles contract
Fibers pull at their attached ends and cause body parts to move
131
Three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
132
Skeletal muscle tissue
Found in muscles attached to bone
133
Skeletal muscle tissue is only
Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)
134
Skeletal muscle tissue long
And threadlike
135
Skeletal muscle tissue have light
And dark cross markings called striations
136
Striations
Lines
137
Skeletal muscle tissue has lots
Of nuclei, more nuclei per fiber than other tissue
138
Skeletal muscle tissue controls movements for
Head trunk limbs facial expressions etc
139
Smooth muscle tissue
Lacks striations
140
Smooth muscle tissue found in
Walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, uterus and blood vessels
141
Smooth muscle tissue cannot be stimulated to
Contract by conscious effort so involuntary
142
Smooth muscle tissue moves
Food through the digestive tract (peristalsis)
143
Smooth muscle tissue constricts
Blood vessels and empties the urinary bladder
144
Nervous tissue
Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves
145
Neurons or nerve cells
Basic cells of Nervous tissue
146
Neurons have
Cytoplasmic extension called dendrites or excites
147
Neurons are sensitive to
Certain types of changes in their surroundings
148
Neurons respond to changes by
Transmitting nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons or to muscles or glands
149
Nervous tissue able to
Coordinate regulate and integrate many body functions
150
Nervous tissue contains
Neuralgia last cells
151
Nervous tissue looks like
Areolar but has neurons
152
Neuroglial cells
Support and bind components of nervous tissue together, carry on phagocytosis, supply nutrient to neurons
