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Anatomy > Tissue Outline > Flashcards

Tissue Outline Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

Group of cells that perform specialized structural and functional roles

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2
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial connective muscle nervous

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3
Q

Avascular

A

Lacking blood vessels

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers all the body surfaces inside and out. Avascular

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue attached to

A

Basal Lamina

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue lacks

A

Blood vessels

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7
Q

Why does epithelial tissue heal rapidly

A

Epithelium reproduce readily

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8
Q

What does epithelial tissue being tightly packed do

A

Allows it to serve as a good barrier

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9
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Secretion excretion absorption and sensory reception

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10
Q

How does epithelial tissue get nutrients and gases

A

Diffusion & or osmosis

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11
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of thin flat cells

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12
Q

Substances pass easily through

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Which tissue occurs where diffusion and filtration take place

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Simple squamous epithelium lines

A

Air sacs of lungs, forms walls of capillaries, and covers the membranes that line body cavities

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15
Q

Why can simple squamous epithelium be easily damaged

A

Thin

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16
Q

Simple

A

One layer

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17
Q

Squamous

A

Broad flat and round

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18
Q

Only difference between simple squamous epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Cell structure

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19
Q

Air sacs of lungs

A

Alveolar walls

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20
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Consists of a single layer of cube shaped cells with a centrally located spherical nuclei

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21
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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22
Q

Covers ovaries

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

Lines kidney tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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24
Q

Why does the simple cuboidal epithelium line kidney tubules

A

Help with the function in secretion and absorption

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25
Q

Lines ducts of glands

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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26
Q

Why does simple cuboidal epithelium line ducts of glands

A

Help to secrete glandular products

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27
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Elongated and composed of a single layer

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28
Q

Simple columnar epithelium occurs in

A

Lining of the uterus and various organs in the digestive tract, including the stomach and intestines

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29
Q

If stretched out look like columnar

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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30
Q

Sometimes have microvilli

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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31
Q

Simple columnar epithelium is relatively

A

Thick, provides protection for underlying tissues

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32
Q

Simple columnar epithelium secretes

A

Digestive fluids and absorbs nutrient molecules from digestion

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33
Q

Principal function of simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption

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34
Q

Microvilli

A

Cylindrical processes that increase the surface area of the cell membrane

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35
Q

Simple columnar epithelium has goblet

A

Cells that secrete a protective fluid (mucus)

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36
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Appear stratified or layered but isn’t. Looks layered due to nuclei at two or more levels

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37
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Meant for production, found in epiglottis anus and urethra

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38
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium possesses

A

Cilia which extend from free surfaces and move constantly

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39
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has goblet

A

Cells that secrete mucus that is passed along by cilia

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40
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the passages of

A

Respiratory system and tubes of the reproductive system

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41
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium in respiratory

A

Passages the mucus traps dust and the cilia move the particles out of the way

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42
Q

In reproductive tubes

A

The cilia of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium moves the sex cells from one region to another

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43
Q

Lungs produce

A

Boogers

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44
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Many layers of cells making this tissue thick

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45
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium forms

A

Outer layer of skin called the epidermis

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46
Q

As skin ages it accumulates a protein called

A

Keratin

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47
Q

Keratin function

A

Harden the skin cells to produce a protective material that prevents water from escaping and chemicals and microorganisms from entering

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48
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium found in

A

Epidermis, esophagus, vagina. Anything subjected to friction

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49
Q

As Stratified squamous epithelium makes new layers

A

Pushes old ones up

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50
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium close to

A

Vascular, get nutrients through diffusion of base membrane

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51
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Specialized to respond to tension

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52
Q

Transitional epithelium found in

A

Lining of urinary bladder and passageways of the urinary system

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53
Q

Transitional epithelium forms

A

Expandable lining and forms a barrier to prevent the contents from diffusing out

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54
Q

Transitional epithelium helps with

A

Distention is the bladder

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55
Q

Endocrine goes

A

Directly into the blood stream

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56
Q

Transitional epithelium also helps with

A

Getting rid of bad stuff in urine

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57
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Composed of cells that produce and secrete substances

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58
Q

Glandular epithelium occurs mostly

A

In the columnar and cuboidal epithelia

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59
Q

1 or more of Glandular epithelium cells make

A

Gland

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60
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete their products onto internal or external surfaces

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61
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete into tissue fluid or blood

62
Q

Merocrine

A

Fluid product released by cell membrane

63
Q

Three types of exocrine glands

A

Merocrine apocrine and holocrine

64
Q

Apocrine

A

Cell product pinched off in secretion

65
Q

Connective tissue

A

Occurs throughout the body and is most abundant type of tissue by weight

66
Q

Connective tissue binds

A

Structures together, provides support, serves as framework, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, provides protection against infections, helps to repair tissue damage

67
Q

Connective tissue cells are

A

Farther apart, able to reproduce, in most cases have good blood supply

68
Q

Two cell types found in connective tissue

A

Resident and wandering cells

69
Q

Resident cells

A

Fibroblasts and mast cells

70
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Most common and produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix

71
Q

Mast cells

A

Large and located near blood vessels, release heparin

72
Q

Heparin

A

Prevents clotting

73
Q

Wandering cells

A

Include blood cells

74
Q

Macrophage wandering cell

A

Specialized to carry on phagocytosis, help to clear foreign particle from cell

75
Q

Macrophage resembles a

A

Big war

76
Q

Types of connective tissue fibers

A

Collagenous, elastic, reticular

77
Q

Connective tissue fibers produced

A

By fibroclatis

78
Q

Collagenous fibers

A

Thick thread like parts composed of the protein collagen

79
Q

Collagenous fibers flexible but

A

Only slightly elastic

80
Q

Collagenous fibers very

A

Strong and hold structures together (tendons)

81
Q

Collagenous fibers called

A

White fibers

82
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Composed of microfibeils embedded in the molecules of a protein called elastin

83
Q

Elastic fibers have less

A

Strength but very elastic

84
Q

Elastic fibers easily stretched

A

And can resume original shape

85
Q

Elastic fibers called

A

Yellow fibers

86
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Thin and composed of collagen, help to support

87
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose (areolar) adipose, fibrous connective, cartilage, bone

88
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

A

Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body

89
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue cells are mainly

A

Fibroblasts

90
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue binds to

A

Skin and underlying organs

91
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue fills in

A

Spaces between muscles

92
Q

Loose (areolar) connective tissue lies beneath

A

Epithelium where it provides nourishment to epithelial cells

93
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Called fat. Is a specialized form of loose connective tissue

94
Q

Adipose tissue found

A

Beneath the skin and in spaces between the muscles

95
Q

Adipose tissue serves as

A

Protective cushion for joints and some organs

96
Q

Adipose tissue functions as a barrier

A

Even beneath the skin

97
Q

Adipose tissue stores

A

Excess nutrients in fat molecules

98
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

A

Contains many closely packed thick collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers

99
Q

Fibrous connective tissue has only

A

A few cells

100
Q

Fibrous connective tissue very

A

Strong and binds structures together

101
Q

Examples of Fibrous connective tissue

A

Tendons and ligaments

102
Q

Fibrous connective tissue have poor

A

Blood supply so repair occurs slowly

103
Q

Cartilage

A

Rigid connective tissue

104
Q

Cartilage supports

A

Parts, provides frameworks and attachments, protects underlying tissues, and forms structural models for many developing bones

105
Q

Cartilage composed largely of

A

Collagenous fibers embedded in a gel like substance

106
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Make up cartilage

107
Q

Cartilage enclosed in

A

A covering of certain kind of connective tissue called the skin

108
Q

Why is cartilage repair slow

A

Lacks direct blood supply

109
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

110
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most common, looks like milk glass

111
Q

Hyaline cartilage location

A

Found at the ends of bones and in the soft part of the skull

112
Q

Hyaline cartilage found in the

A

Supporting rings of carbon along passages

113
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Provides framework for the external tissue and parts of the larynx

114
Q

Bone

A

Most rigid of connective tissue

115
Q

Why is bone the most rigid connective tissue

A

Inorganic salts in the intracellular material

116
Q

Bone provides

A

An internal support for cells structure

117
Q

Bone protects

A

Most parts in various cavities

118
Q

Bone serves as an attachment for

A

Ligaments

119
Q

Bone forms

A

Blood cells and stores inorganic salts

120
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells

121
Q

Bone has blood vessels

A

In osteonic canal for nutrient supply

122
Q

Other connective tissue

A

Blood (vascular) and reticuloendothelial

123
Q

Blood (vascular tissue)

A

Transports substances between body cells and external environment

124
Q

Blood (vascular tissue) helps maintain

A

Stable internal conditions

125
Q

Blood (vascular tissue) composed of

A

Cells called blood plasma

126
Q

Blood plasma contain

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

127
Q

Blood plasma

A

Made in the marrow of certain hollow bones

128
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contractile

129
Q

Contractile

A

Change shape by becoming shorter and thicker

130
Q

As muscles contract

A

Fibers pull at their attached ends and cause body parts to move

131
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

132
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Found in muscles attached to bone

133
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is only

A

Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort)

134
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue long

A

And threadlike

135
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue have light

A

And dark cross markings called striations

136
Q

Striations

A

Lines

137
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue has lots

A

Of nuclei, more nuclei per fiber than other tissue

138
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue controls movements for

A

Head trunk limbs facial expressions etc

139
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Lacks striations

140
Q

Smooth muscle tissue found in

A

Walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, uterus and blood vessels

141
Q

Smooth muscle tissue cannot be stimulated to

A

Contract by conscious effort so involuntary

142
Q

Smooth muscle tissue moves

A

Food through the digestive tract (peristalsis)

143
Q

Smooth muscle tissue constricts

A

Blood vessels and empties the urinary bladder

144
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

145
Q

Neurons or nerve cells

A

Basic cells of Nervous tissue

146
Q

Neurons have

A

Cytoplasmic extension called dendrites or excites

147
Q

Neurons are sensitive to

A

Certain types of changes in their surroundings

148
Q

Neurons respond to changes by

A

Transmitting nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons or to muscles or glands

149
Q

Nervous tissue able to

A

Coordinate regulate and integrate many body functions

150
Q

Nervous tissue contains

A

Neuralgia last cells

151
Q

Nervous tissue looks like

A

Areolar but has neurons

152
Q

Neuroglial cells

A

Support and bind components of nervous tissue together, carry on phagocytosis, supply nutrient to neurons

Anatomy (14 decks)

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