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Anatomy > Chapter 2 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry

A

Study of the nature of matter

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2
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass (include solids liquids and gases in our bodies as well as surroundings)

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3
Q

all things are composed of

A

elements

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4
Q

elements

A

Basic chemical substances that make up matter

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5
Q

20 elements

A

needed by living things

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6
Q

which for atoms make up 95% of the human body

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

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7
Q

atoms

A

tiny particles which make up elements

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8
Q

nucleus

A

Central portion, positive

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9
Q

parts of the atom

A

nucleus, electrons around the nucleus

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10
Q

charge of the atom

A

neutral

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11
Q

nucleus contains

A

protons, positively charged particles-neutrons, uncharged particles

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12
Q

where are electrons found

A

found in a cloud outside the nucleus

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13
Q

characteristics of electrons

A

very small, have a negative charge

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14
Q

atomic number

A

equal to the number of protons in its nucleus

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15
Q

atomic weight

A

average of the relative wait (mass numbers) of all the isotopes of an element, neutrons and protons

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16
Q

bonding of atoms

A

when atoms combine with each other, they gain or lose electrons, or share electrons with other atoms

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17
Q

electrons arranged in

A

shelves

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18
Q

first shell

A

two electrons

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19
Q

Second shell

A

eight electrons

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20
Q

third shell

A

eight or 18 electrons

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21
Q

ion

A

particle that gains or loses electrons

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22
Q

atoms that lose electrons become ______ charged

A

positively

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23
Q

negatively charged

A

atom that gains electrons

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24
Q

ions

A

atom with a positive or negative electric charge

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25
Q

ionic bond

A

atoms that bond by transferring electrons

26
Q

covalent bond

A

Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms

27
Q

hydrogen bond

A

when a hydrogen atom that is already covalently link to the electronegative atom is attacked by another nitrogen or oxygen atom and a bridge is formed between them

28
Q

molecule

A

combination of two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond to form a new particle

29
Q

compound

A

when two or more different kinds of atoms bond to form a new substance

30
Q

molecular formula

A

represent the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule

31
Q

h2o

A

2 atoms h 1 atom o

32
Q

c6h12o6

A

6 atoms c 12 atoms h 6 atoms o

33
Q

synthesis

A

when reactants combine to form a larger more complex molecule a+b->ab

34
Q

decomposition

A

when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules or its constituent atoms ab-> a+b

35
Q

exchange

A

parts of the reactant exchange partners, producing different product molecules
ab+cd=ad+cb

36
Q

reversible

A

if chemical bonds are made, they can be broken (all chemical reactions)
a+b ab

37
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that release ions in water

38
Q

acids

A

electrolyte that releases hydrogen (h+) ions in water

hcl-> h++cl-

39
Q

bases

A

electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions
naoh->na + + oh

40
Q

1-6

A

acid

41
Q

8-14

A

base

42
Q

ph

A

relative concentration of hydrogen ions in various bodily fluids (concentrated units used to measure)

43
Q

ph scale

A

0 to 14

44
Q

7

A

neutral. contains equal hydroxyl (oh-) and hydrogen (h+) ions

45
Q

acidic

A

contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions

less than 7

46
Q

basic

A

alkaline
contains fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxyl atoms
ph above 7

47
Q

ph

A

values of importance

48
Q

2.0

A

gastric juices (very acidic)

49
Q

7.4 blood

A

almost neutral.

50
Q

how does stomach not burn up

A 
secrets mucus (base) 
if not ulcer
51
Q

what happens if ph of blood gets too low

A

things passing through dissolved

52
Q

what happens if ph changes

A

affects metabolism and homeostasis

53
Q

inorganic

A

molecules that lack carbon

54
Q

why are inorganic molecules called electrolytes

A

dissolve in water

55
Q

4 common inorganic substances

A

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inorganic salts

56
Q

water

A

most abundant compound in body

57
Q

makes up 2/3 of the body’s weight

A

water

58
Q

water is a major component of

A

blood layers

59
Q

how are chemicals transported within the body

A

water

60
Q

water absorbs

A

and transports nutrients

Anatomy (14 decks)

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