Chapter 2 Notes Part 2

Question 1

oxygen

Answer 1

enters through respiratory organs, transported through blood, used by cell to release energy for metabolic activities, makes atp (needed for cellular respiration)

Question 2

carbon dioxide

Answer 2

waste product given off into the air by lungs, byproduct of cellular respiration

Question 3

inorganic salts

Answer 3

abundant in body parts and fluids, sources of necessary ions, helps transport substances in and out of cells, helps with contraction of muscles, helps conduct nerve impulses

Question 4

examples of inorganic salts

Answer 4

sodium, potassium, and chlorine

needed for polarization of cell membrane, helps with water balance

Question 5

organic

Answer 5

contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms (common organic substances found in cells)

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

provide most of energy for cells (often stored as reserve energy)

Question 7

carbohydrates contain

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 8

carbohydrates portion in diet

Answer 8

50 percent

Question 9

carbohydrates are

Answer 9

2x as many h to o

Question 10

monosaccharide

Answer 10

simple sugar

building blocks for more complex carbohydrates

Question 11

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 11

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 12

polysaccharides

Answer 12

many simple sugars joined together (plant starch)

Question 13

animals synthesize

Answer 13

polysaccharide called glycogen

Question 14

how many calories in a carbohydrate

Answer 14

4

Question 15

how many calories in a protein

Answer 15

4

Question 16

how many calories in a fat

Answer 16

9

Question 17

lipids

Answer 17

insoluble in water

Question 18

fats

Answer 18

used to build cell parts and to supply energy for cell activities

Question 19

fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 19

building blocks of fat molecules

Question 20

triglyceride

Answer 20

lipid composed of 3 fatty acids combined with a glycerol molecule (stored in fat as energy supply, most common lipid)

Question 21

types of fatty acids

Answer 21

saturated , unsaturated, polyunsaturated

Question 22

saturated

Answer 22

fatty acid chains with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms (lacks double bond)

Question 23

unsaturated

Answer 23

fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Question 24

polyunsaturated

Answer 24

fatty acid with many double bonds between its carbon chain

Question 25

lipids should be

Answer 25

no more than 30% diet

Question 26

polyunsaturated fat is a

Answer 26

liquid at room temp

Question 27

lipids compose

Answer 27

phospholipid bilayer FAT MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS BRO

Question 28

phospholipid

Answer 28

molecule that is similar to a fat molecule in that it contains a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains

Question 29

difference between phospholipid and fat molecule

Answer 29

phospholipid has only two fatty acids instead of three

Question 30

what is in place of the third fatty acid

Answer 30

phosphate group

Question 31

job of phospholipids

Answer 31

energy and making membranes

Question 32

steroids

Answer 32

complex structures that include interconnected rings of carbon atoms

Question 33

most important steroids

Answer 33

cholesterol (helps to make more steroids, sex hormones and hormones from the adrenal glands)

Question 34

proteins

Answer 34

serve as structural materials, energy sources, hormones, surface receptors, and enzyme

Question 35

enzymes

Answer 35

proteins that serve as catalysts

Question 36

amino acids

Answer 36

the building blocks for proteins

Question 37

what happens when artery in brain is clogged

Answer 37

stroke

Question 38

proteins job

Answer 38

build and repair

Question 39

what do amino acids contain

Answer 39

amino group (nh2) and carboxyl group (cooh)

Question 40

how many amino acids occur commonly in proteins

Answer 40

20

Question 41

hydrogen bonds

Answer 41

maintain shape of protein molecules

Question 42

diet should be 20%

Answer 42

protein

Question 43

denaturing of hydrogen bonds

Answer 43

breaks down due to excessive heat, radiation, or chemical

Question 44

example of denatured hydrogen bond

Answer 44

protein in the egg white

Question 45

nucleic acids

Answer 45

the most fundamental of the compounds in cells because they control cell activities

Question 46

nucleotides

Answer 46

bound atoms

Question 47

each nucleotide consists of

Answer 47

ribose carbon sugar (pentode or guanine) a phosphate group, and 1 of several organic based

Question 48

rna

Answer 48

ribonucleic acid, synthesize protein

Question 49

dna

Answer 49

deoxyribonucleic acid | stores information in a molecular code to be used by cells to construct specific proteins

Question 50

RMR stands for

Answer 50

Resting metabolic rate

Question 51

Resting metabolic rate

Answer 51

Measure of energy expended for maintenance or normal body functions and homeostasis and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 52

4 compartments to energy expenditure

Answer 52

RMR, TEF, TEE, AT

Question 53

RMR accounts for

Answer 53

60-75% of total daily expenditure

Question 54

TEF

Answer 54

Thermic effect of food

Question 55

TEE

Answer 55

Thermic effect of exercise

Question 56

At

Answer 56

Adaptive thermogenesis

Question 57

Change in RMR due to

Answer 57

Body reacting to stress such as cold, overeating, and emotion (ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS)

Question 58

1 lb

Answer 58

3500 kcal