Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Chapter 2 Notes Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Notes Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

oxygen

A

enters through respiratory organs, transported through blood, used by cell to release energy for metabolic activities, makes atp (needed for cellular respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

carbon dioxide

A

waste product given off into the air by lungs, byproduct of cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

inorganic salts

A

abundant in body parts and fluids, sources of necessary ions, helps transport substances in and out of cells, helps with contraction of muscles, helps conduct nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of inorganic salts

A

sodium, potassium, and chlorine

needed for polarization of cell membrane, helps with water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

organic

A

contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms (common organic substances found in cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

carbohydrates

A

provide most of energy for cells (often stored as reserve energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carbohydrates contain

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carbohydrates portion in diet

A

50 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carbohydrates are

A

2x as many h to o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugar

building blocks for more complex carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

polysaccharides

A

many simple sugars joined together (plant starch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

animals synthesize

A

polysaccharide called glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how many calories in a carbohydrate

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many calories in a protein

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many calories in a fat

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lipids

A

insoluble in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fats

A

used to build cell parts and to supply energy for cell activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fatty acids and glycerol

A

building blocks of fat molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

triglyceride

A

lipid composed of 3 fatty acids combined with a glycerol molecule (stored in fat as energy supply, most common lipid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of fatty acids

A

saturated , unsaturated, polyunsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

saturated

A

fatty acid chains with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms (lacks double bond)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

unsaturated

A

fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

polyunsaturated

A

fatty acid with many double bonds between its carbon chain

25
Q

lipids should be

A

no more than 30% diet

26
Q

polyunsaturated fat is a

A

liquid at room temp

27
Q

lipids compose

A

phospholipid bilayer
FAT MEMBRANE
PHOSPHOLIPIDS BRO

28
Q

phospholipid

A

molecule that is similar to a fat molecule in that it contains a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains

29
Q

difference between phospholipid and fat molecule

A

phospholipid has only two fatty acids instead of three

30
Q

what is in place of the third fatty acid

A

phosphate group

31
Q

job of phospholipids

A

energy and making membranes

32
Q

steroids

A

complex structures that include interconnected rings of carbon atoms

33
Q

most important steroids

A

cholesterol (helps to make more steroids, sex hormones and hormones from the adrenal glands)

34
Q

proteins

A

serve as structural materials, energy sources, hormones, surface receptors, and enzyme

35
Q

enzymes

A

proteins that serve as catalysts

36
Q

amino acids

A

the building blocks for proteins

37
Q

what happens when artery in brain is clogged

A

stroke

38
Q

proteins job

A

build and repair

39
Q

what do amino acids contain

A

amino group (nh2) and carboxyl group (cooh)

40
Q

how many amino acids occur commonly in proteins

A

20

41
Q

hydrogen bonds

A

maintain shape of protein molecules

42
Q

diet should be 20%

A

protein

43
Q

denaturing of hydrogen bonds

A

breaks down due to excessive heat, radiation, or chemical

44
Q

example of denatured hydrogen bond

A

protein in the egg white

45
Q

nucleic acids

A

the most fundamental of the compounds in cells because they control cell activities

46
Q

nucleotides

A

bound atoms

47
Q

each nucleotide consists of

A

ribose carbon sugar (pentode or guanine) a phosphate group, and 1 of several organic based

48
Q

rna

A

ribonucleic acid, synthesize protein

49
Q

dna

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

stores information in a molecular code to be used by cells to construct specific proteins

50
Q

RMR stands for

A

Resting metabolic rate

51
Q

Resting metabolic rate

A

Measure of energy expended for maintenance or normal body functions and homeostasis and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system

52
Q

4 compartments to energy expenditure

A

RMR, TEF, TEE, AT

53
Q

RMR accounts for

A

60-75% of total daily expenditure

54
Q

TEF

A

Thermic effect of food

55
Q

TEE

A

Thermic effect of exercise

56
Q

At

A

Adaptive thermogenesis

57
Q

Change in RMR due to

A

Body reacting to stress such as cold, overeating, and emotion (ADAPTIVE THERMOGENESIS)

58
Q

1 lb

A

3500 kcal

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions