Tissue level organization Flashcards
which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light
melanin
In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens
intraepidermal macrophages
(Langerhans cells)
which layer does apoptosis occur
stratum granulosum
layers from deepest to most superficial
“brown skin gives lots of color”
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum luciderm
stratum corneum
These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities
adherens junctions and desmosomes
Which epithelial tissue is found lining the kidney glomerulus, and performs blood filtration
simple squamous epithelium
Which epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Which epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and oil glands
stratified cuboidal
Which epithelial tissue lines most bronchioles and fallopian tubes and moves mucus and oocytes
ciliated simple columnar
where would transitional epithelial cells be found
lining of urinary bladder
which gland will produce the most viscous secretion
holocrine
Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?
D. Skeletal
Epithelial tissues are primarily involved in which function?
C. Covering surfaces and forming glands
What type of epithelial tissue is found in areas of high abrasion, such as the skin?
B. Stratified squamous
What is the main characteristic of connective tissue?
B. Extensive extracellular matrix with few cells
Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
C. Skeletal
Skeletal muscle is the only muscle type that is consciously controlled by the somatic nervous system.
Which connective tissue fiber provides tensile strength?
B. Collagen fibers
Collagen fibers are the most abundant connective tissue fibers and are known for their high tensile strength.
Where is transitional epithelium commonly found?
B. In the urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium is specialized to stretch and is primarily found in the urinary system.
What type of gland releases its products by exocytosis without losing cellular material?
C. Merocrine
Merocrine glands secrete their products without any loss of cellular material, unlike apocrine and holocrine glands.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous tissue?
B. Conducts electrical impulses
Nervous tissue is specialized for communication through electrical signals, essential for the functioning of the nervous system.
Which type of connective tissue acts as a reservoir for energy storage?
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue stores energy in the form of fat.
Which epithelial tissue type is specialized for diffusion and filtration?
Simple squamous
Simple squamous epithelium is thin and allows for efficient exchange of materials.
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of:
Fibers and ground substance
The extracellular matrix provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.
Which muscle tissue has intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
Intercalated discs are unique to cardiac muscle and facilitate synchronized contractions.
Which connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments?
Dense regular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue provides strength and resistance to pulling forces.
Which cell type is responsible for producing fibers in connective tissue?
Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and other fibers that provide structure to connective tissues.
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the respiratory tract and contains cilia?
Pseudostratified columnar
Cilia help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.
What is the primary function of reticular connective tissue?
Form a supportive framework for organs
Reticular connective tissue provides a scaffold for cells in organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
Which layer anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue?
Basement membrane
The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous structure that provides support and regulates the exchange of materials.
What type of cartilage is found in the external ear?
Elastic cartilage
Elastic cartilage provides flexibility and shape, as seen in the ear.
Smooth muscle tissue is found in:
The walls of hollow organs
Smooth muscle facilitates involuntary movements in organs like the intestines and blood vessels.
Which type of connective tissue provides insulation and cushioning for the body?
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue also serves as an energy reserve.
Which epithelial tissue type is most associated with absorption and secretion?
Simple cuboidal
Simple cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in glands and kidney tubules.
Which connective tissue type contains a gel-like matrix with all three fiber types?
Areolar connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue provides elasticity and support to surrounding structures.
What is the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?
To maintain bone matrix
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that help regulate mineral content.
Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining the stomach and intestines?
Simple columnar
Simple columnar epithelium is specialized for absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.
What is the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?
To secrete mucus
Goblet cells are found in various epithelial tissues and help to lubricate and protect surfaces.
Which connective tissue type resists tension in multiple directions?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue provides structural strength in areas like the dermis of the skin.
Which epithelial tissue type changes shape depending on the organ’s volume?
Transitional
Transitional epithelium allows for stretching and is found in the bladder.
What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle regulates blood flow and pressure within blood vessels.
Which cell type in connective tissue is responsible for immune defense?
Mast cell
Mast cells play a crucial role in allergic responses and inflammation.
What type of cartilage is found in intervertebral discs?
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage provides strength and support while allowing for slight movement between vertebrae.
Which type of epithelial tissue lines blood vessels?
Simple squamous
Simple squamous epithelium reduces friction and facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients.
What is the main function of dense elastic connective tissue?
Recoil and stretch
Dense elastic connective tissue is found in structures that require elasticity, such as the aorta.
Which epithelial tissue type has microvilli to increase surface area?
Simple columnar
Microvilli enhance absorption in areas like the intestines.
Which connective tissue type forms the framework of lymphoid organs?
Reticular connective tissue
Which muscle tissue lacks striations?
Smooth muscle
Which connective tissue cell type stores fat?
Adipocyte
Which epithelial tissue type is found in kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
Which connective tissue has a liquid matrix?
Blood
What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Secretion and movement of mucus
Which tissue type regenerates the fastest?
Epithelial tissue
Which type of connective tissue surrounds and cushions organs?
Areolar connective tissue
What is the primary cell type found in cartilage?
Chondrocyte
Which epithelial tissue type is designed for rapid diffusion of gases?
Simple squamous
What structure connects epithelial tissue to the connective tissue below?
Basement membrane
Which connective tissue is responsible for forming blood cells?
Bone marrow
Which muscle tissue type is involuntary and striated?
Cardiac muscle
Which connective tissue provides strength in one direction?
Dense regular connective tissue
Which epithelial tissue type is found in sweat gland ducts?
Stratified cuboidal
What is the primary role of mast cells in connective tissue?
Release of histamine during inflammation
