Fluids Flashcards
how much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid
2/3
80% of extracellular fluid is
interstitial fluid
what occurs when water loss is greater than water gain
dehydration
the response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include
dehydration
what is the main factor that determines water loss
urination
what is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys
aldosterone
a decline in angiotensin I levels does not result in
increased Ca2+ reabsorption
major hormone that regulates water loss is
ADH
water intoxication results from
dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
in extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is
Na+
in extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is
Cl-
which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body
calcium
PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are
the main regulators of calcium in the blood
buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all
ways of controlling H+ levels in the body
inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause
CO2 retention
increased carbonic acid formation
acidosis
main cause of metabolic alkalosis
non respiratory acids are lost, raises pH
what part of the brain is the thirst center
hypothalamus
(anterior)
common cause of respiratory acidosis?
hypoventilation causes CO2 to accumulate and lowers pH
An individual consumes a large amount of highly salted foods over the course of a day. What might be the result of this?
increased plasma osmolarity
increased thirst, ADH release, transient hypertension, edema
primary cation in extracellular fluid
sodium
chloride = anion
the hypothalamus detects changes in which to regulate thirst
blood osmorality
what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide in fluid homeostasis
promotes sodium and water excretion
primary regulator of calcium in the blood
parathyroid hormone
3Na out, 2 K in =
(-) charge inside cell
cell membrane is more permeable to K+, allowing it to leak out
sodium potassium pump
key role of chloride in the body
helps maintain osmotic balance and acid base balance
what hormone regulates blood volume and sodium levels
aldosterone
what could lead to metabolic acidosis
chronic kidney disease
compensatory response to metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation to expel more CO2
what is a result of aldosterone secretion
increased sodium reabsorption
what can result from excessive intake of bicarbonate in the body
metabolic alkalosis
what electrolyte is most commonly found in high concentrations within extracellular fluid
potassium
