Fluids

Question 1

how much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid

Answer 1

2/3

Question 2

80% of extracellular fluid is

Answer 2

interstitial fluid

Question 3

what occurs when water loss is greater than water gain

Answer 3

dehydration

Question 3

the response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include

Answer 3

dehydration

Question 4

what is the main factor that determines water loss

Answer 4

urination

Question 5

what is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys

Answer 5

aldosterone

Question 6

a decline in angiotensin I levels does not result in

Answer 6

increased Ca2+ reabsorption

Question 7

major hormone that regulates water loss is

Answer 7

ADH

Question 8

water intoxication results from

Answer 8

dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Question 9

in extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

Answer 9

Na+

Question 10

in extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

Answer 10

Cl-

Question 11

which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

Answer 12

the main regulators of calcium in the blood

Question 13

buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all

Answer 13

ways of controlling H+ levels in the body

Question 14

inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

Answer 14

CO2 retention
increased carbonic acid formation
acidosis

Question 15

main cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

non respiratory acids are lost, raises pH

Question 16

what part of the brain is the thirst center

Answer 16

hypothalamus
(anterior)

Question 17

common cause of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 17

hypoventilation causes CO2 to accumulate and lowers pH

Question 18

An individual consumes a large amount of highly salted foods over the course of a day. What might be the result of this?

Answer 18

increased plasma osmolarity

increased thirst, ADH release, transient hypertension, edema

Question 19

primary cation in extracellular fluid

Answer 19

sodium

chloride = anion

Question 20

the hypothalamus detects changes in which to regulate thirst

Answer 20

blood osmorality

Question 21

what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide in fluid homeostasis

Answer 21

promotes sodium and water excretion

Question 22

primary regulator of calcium in the blood

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone

Question 23

3Na out, 2 K in =

Answer 23

(-) charge inside cell

cell membrane is more permeable to K+, allowing it to leak out

sodium potassium pump

Question 24

key role of chloride in the body

Answer 24

helps maintain osmotic balance and acid base balance

Question 25

what hormone regulates blood volume and sodium levels

Answer 25

aldosterone

Question 26

what could lead to metabolic acidosis

Answer 26

chronic kidney disease

Question 27

compensatory response to metabolic acidosis

Answer 27

hyperventilation to expel more CO2

Question 28

what is a result of aldosterone secretion

Answer 28

increased sodium reabsorption

Question 29

what can result from excessive intake of bicarbonate in the body

Answer 29

metabolic alkalosis

Question 30

what electrolyte is most commonly found in high concentrations within extracellular fluid

Answer 30

potassium