Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid

A

2/3

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2
Q

80% of extracellular fluid is

A

interstitial fluid

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3
Q

what occurs when water loss is greater than water gain

A

dehydration

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3
Q

the response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include

A

dehydration

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4
Q

what is the main factor that determines water loss

A

urination

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5
Q

what is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys

A

aldosterone

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6
Q

a decline in angiotensin I levels does not result in

A

increased Ca2+ reabsorption

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7
Q

major hormone that regulates water loss is

A

ADH

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8
Q

water intoxication results from

A

dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

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9
Q

in extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

A

Na+

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10
Q

in extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

A

Cl-

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11
Q

which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body

A

calcium

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12
Q

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

A

the main regulators of calcium in the blood

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13
Q

buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide and excretion by the kidneys are all

A

ways of controlling H+ levels in the body

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14
Q

inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause

A

CO2 retention
increased carbonic acid formation
acidosis

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15
Q

main cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

non respiratory acids are lost, raises pH

16
Q

what part of the brain is the thirst center

A

hypothalamus
(anterior)

17
Q

common cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

hypoventilation causes CO2 to accumulate and lowers pH

18
Q

An individual consumes a large amount of highly salted foods over the course of a day. What might be the result of this?

A

increased plasma osmolarity

increased thirst, ADH release, transient hypertension, edema

19
Q

primary cation in extracellular fluid

A

sodium

chloride = anion

20
Q

the hypothalamus detects changes in which to regulate thirst

A

blood osmorality

21
Q

what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide in fluid homeostasis

A

promotes sodium and water excretion

22
Q

primary regulator of calcium in the blood

A

parathyroid hormone

23
Q

3Na out, 2 K in =

A

(-) charge inside cell

cell membrane is more permeable to K+, allowing it to leak out

sodium potassium pump

24
key role of chloride in the body
helps maintain osmotic balance and acid base balance
25
what hormone regulates blood volume and sodium levels
aldosterone
26
what could lead to metabolic acidosis
chronic kidney disease
27
compensatory response to metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation to expel more CO2
28
what is a result of aldosterone secretion
increased sodium reabsorption
29
what can result from excessive intake of bicarbonate in the body
metabolic alkalosis
30
what electrolyte is most commonly found in high concentrations within extracellular fluid
potassium