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A&P > Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
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2
Q

The epithelia are a layer of cells that covers _________________________

A

internal or external surfaces

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3
Q

Glands are structures that produce _________________

A

fluid secretions

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4
Q

What are the four functions of the epithelial tissue?

A
  • Provide physical protection
  • Control permeability
  • Provide sensation
  • Produce specialized secretions
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5
Q

What are the five characteristics of epithelia?

A
  • Polarity
  • Cellularity
  • Attachment
  • Avascularity
  • Regeneration
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6
Q

What are the three specializations of epithelial cells?

A
  • Protection
  • Permeability
  • Protection and messaging
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7
Q

How is the integrity of epithelia maintained? (3 ways)

A
  • Intercellular connections
  • Attachment to basement membrane
  • Epithelial maintenance and repair
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8
Q

What are the three types of cell junctions?

A
  • Gap junctions
  • Tight junctions
  • Desmosomes
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9
Q

When classifying epithelia, what are the three shape types?

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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10
Q

When classifying epithelia, what are the two layer types?

A
  • Simple (single layer)
  • Stratified (several layers)
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11
Q

The mouth and anus are ___________(1)____________. Everything else in the middle of the body are ________(2)_________.

A

1) Squamous epithelia
2) Columnar epithelia

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12
Q

________________ forms the inner lining of heart and blood vessels

A

Endothelium

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13
Q

____________ squamous epithelia protects against mechanical stresses as keratin adds strength and water resistance

A

Stratified

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14
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium are located in which two places?

A
  • Endothelia lining heart
  • Blood vessels
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15
Q

What are the locations of Stratified Squamous Epithelium? What is its major function?

A

Locations:
- skin
- lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus
Function:
- protection against abrasion

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16
Q

What is the major function of simple cuboidal epithelia?

A

Secretion and absorption

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17
Q

What are the locations and functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Locations:
- Kidney tubules
- Thyroid gland
Functions:
- Secretion, absorption

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18
Q

Transitional epithelia can be found in which human organ?

A

Urinary bladder

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19
Q

Transitional epithelia can tolerate repeated cycles of ____________ without damage

A

Stretching

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20
Q

Columnar epithelia are located in which three human organs?

A
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
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21
Q

Endocrine or Exocrine glands: which one releases hormones into the bloodstream?

A

Endocrine

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22
Q

Endocrine or Exocrine glands: which one discharges secretions through ducts onto epithelial surfaces?

A

Exocrine

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23
Q

What are the three purposes of connective tissues?

A
  • Provide strength and stability
  • Maintain positions of internal organs
  • Provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
24
Q

What are the three components of connective tissues?

A
  • Specialized cells
  • Fibers
  • Ground substance
25
Q

What two components of connective tissues make up the matrix?

A

Fibers and ground substance

26
Q

________ is the connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs

27
Q

What are the five functions of connective tissues?

A
  • Structural framework
  • Transportation
  • Protection
  • Storing energy reserves
  • Defending the body
28
Q

What are the three categories of connective tissues?

A
  • Connective tissue proper
  • Fluid connective tissues
  • Supporting connective tissues
29
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

A
  • Collagen fibers
  • Reticular fibers
  • Elastic fibers
30
Q

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can resist forces in one direction?

31
Q

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can resist forces in many directions?

32
Q

Collagen, Reticular, or Elastic: which fibers can return to their original length after stretching?

33
Q

____________ provides shock absorption and protection

34
Q

Elastic or Hyaline cartilage: which one reduces friction between bones?

34
Q

Elastic or Hyaline cartilage: which one is supportive but bends easily?

35
Q

Where can you find hyaline cartilage?

A

Synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea

37
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage?

A

Ear and epiglottis

38
Q

Where can you find fibrocartilage?

A

Between pubic bones and between spinal vertebrae

39
Q

What allows bones to resist shattering?

A

Flexible collagen fibers

40
Q

______________ (bone cells) lie in lacunae

A

Osteocytes

41
Q

_________ membranes are epithelium supported by connective tissue

42
Q

__________ membranes line passageways that have external connections

43
Q

__________ membranes line cavities that do not open to the outside

44
Q

The ________ portion of the serous membranes lines the inner surface of cavity

45
Q

The _________ portion of the serous membranes covers the organs

46
Q

What are the three types of serous membranes?

A
  • Peritoneum
  • Pleura
  • Pericardium
47
Q

Peritoneum covers ________

48
Q

Pleura covers __________

49
Q

Pericardium covers __________

50
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
51
Q

What type of tissue is specialized for conducting electrical impulses?

A

Nervous tissue

52
Q

Tissues respond to injury in what two stages?

A

Inflammation and Regeneration

52
Q

What 7 actions occur during inflammation?

A
  • Increased Blood Flow
  • Increased Vessel Permeability
  • Pain
  • Increased Local Temperature
  • Increased Oxygen and Nutrients
  • Increased Phagocytosis
  • Removal of Toxins and Waste

A&P (12 decks)

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