Metabolism

Question 1

____ is used to construct new organic molecules

Answer 1

ATP

Question 2

What hormone, when released, increases metabolism?

Answer 2

Thyroid hormone

Question 3

Anabolism or Catabolism: which one converts LARGER molecules into SMALLER molecules

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

Anabolism or Catabolism: which process converts SMALLER molecules into LARGER molecules

Answer 4

Anabolism

Question 5

What are the four functions of anabolism?

Answer 5

• Perform structural maintenance/repairs
• Support growth
• Produce secretions
• Store nutrient reserves

Question 6

Catabolism or Anabolism: which process do you go through if you want to secrete a hormone?

Answer 6

Anabolism

Question 7

The electron transport chain (ETC) takes place in the ______________

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

In the ETC, electrons are ultimately transferred to what element?

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

What process creates glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules?

Answer 9

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

What process breaks down glycogen to glucose?

Answer 10

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

What process forms glycogen from excess glucose?

Answer 11

Glycogenesis

Question 12

What process creates fat from excess glucose?

Answer 12

Lipogenesis

Question 13

What process breaks down the excess fat into fatty acids?

Answer 13

Lipolysis

Question 14

What process creates proteins from amino acids?

Answer 14

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Triglyceride is split into 1 molecule of ________ and 3 _________ molecules

Answer 15

glycerol; fatty acid

Question 16

In lipid metabolism, ________ is converted to pyruvate

Answer 16

Glycerol

Question 17

What is an important energy source during periods of starvation?

Answer 17

Free fatty acids

Question 18

Beta-oxidation takes place inside the mitochondria and generates _________ using 2-carbon fragments

Answer 18

acetyl-CoA

Question 19

What are the four groups of lipoproteins?

Answer 19

• Chylomicrons
• Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
• Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) - “bad cholesterol”
• High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) - “good cholesterol”

Question 20

What two components make up VLDLs?

Answer 20

Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Question 21

What does excess cholesterol from tissues that goes back to the liver make?

Answer 21

Bile

Question 22

Bile helps with the emulsification of _______

Answer 22

Fats