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A&P > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that deals with the structure of matter which includes the structure of atoms, basic chemical building blocks and how atoms combine to form increasingly complex structures

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass and is made up of atoms

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3
Q

Atoms

A

Make up matter in which they join together to form chemicals with different characteristics, chemical characteristics determine physiology at molecular and cellular levels

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4
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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5
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge, 1 mass unit

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6
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral, 1 mass unit

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7
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge, low mass

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

Is the number of protons

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains protons and neutrons

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10
Q

Principles elements in the body

A

O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, Mg, S, Fe, I

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11
Q

Chemical bonds form

A

molecules and compounds

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12
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

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13
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

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14
Q

Chemical bonds involve…

A

Sharing, gaining, and losing electrons

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15
Q

3 types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

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16
Q

Ion

A

An atom with an electron charge

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17
Q

Ionic bonds consist of…

A

The electron donor and acceptor

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18
Q

Electron donor

A

Loses one or more electrons and become a cation

19
Q

Electron acceptor

A

Gains those same electrons and becomes an anion

20
Q

Ionic bonds are attractions between what?

A

Cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions)

21
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Strong bonds involving shared electrons

22
Q

Single covalent bond

A

Sharing one pair of electrons

23
Q

Double covalent bond

A

Sharing two pairs of electrons

24
Q

Triple covalent bond

A

Sharing three pairs of electrons

25
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak polar bonds between adjacent molecules based on electrical attractions, involve attractions between a slight positive charge and a slight negative charge, hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules cause surface tension, MRIs (hydrogen has high magnetic susceptibility)

26
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contain C, H, O;
Are covalently bonded;
Contain functional groups that determine their chemistry;
Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

27
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Includes monosaccharides which are simple sugars with three to seven carbon atoms

28
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

29
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides

30
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

sucrose, maltose

31
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Polymers of many sugars

32
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

glycogen, starch, cellulose

33
Q

Structure of Glucose

A

Contains six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group

34
Q

Structure of Glycogen

A

Linear chains of glucose residues

35
Q

Lipids

A

Mainly hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes
Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

36
Q

Lipids include…

A

Fatty acids, eicosanoids, glycerides, steroids, phospholipids and glycolipids

37
Q

Fatty acids

A

May be saturated with hydrogen, no double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail, unsaturated (one or more double bonds in tail)
Monounsaturated= one double bond
Polyunsaturated= two or more double bonds

38
Q

Fatty acids can either be…

A

Saturated (has single covalent bonds only) or unsaturated (has one or more double covalent bonds). The presence of a double bond causes a sharp bend in the molecule.

39
Q

Glycerides

A

Fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

40
Q

Monoglyceride

A

Glycerol plus one fatty acid

41
Q

Diglyceride

A

Glycerol plus two fatty acids

42
Q

Triglycerides

A

Glycerol plus three fatty acids; also called triacylglycerols or neutral fats

43
Q
A

A&P (12 decks)

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