Chemistry

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

Science that deals with the structure of matter which includes the structure of atoms, basic chemical building blocks and how atoms combine to form increasingly complex structures

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass and is made up of atoms

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Make up matter in which they join together to form chemicals with different characteristics, chemical characteristics determine physiology at molecular and cellular levels

Question 4

Subatomic particles

Answer 4

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 5

Protons

Answer 5

Positive charge, 1 mass unit

Question 6

Neutrons

Answer 6

Neutral, 1 mass unit

Question 7

Electrons

Answer 7

Negative charge, low mass

Question 8

Atomic number

Answer 8

Is the number of protons

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 10

Principles elements in the body

Answer 10

O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, Mg, S, Fe, I

Question 11

Chemical bonds form

Answer 11

molecules and compounds

Question 12

Molecule

Answer 12

Two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

Question 13

Compound

Answer 13

Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

Question 14

Chemical bonds involve…

Answer 14

Sharing, gaining, and losing electrons

Question 15

3 types of chemical bonds

Answer 15

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 16

Ion

Answer 16

An atom with an electron charge

Question 17

Ionic bonds consist of…

Answer 17

The electron donor and acceptor

Question 18

Electron donor

Answer 18

Loses one or more electrons and become a cation

Question 19

Electron acceptor

Answer 19

Gains those same electrons and becomes an anion

Question 20

Ionic bonds are attractions between what?

Answer 20

Cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions)

Question 21

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

Strong bonds involving shared electrons

Question 22

Single covalent bond

Answer 22

Sharing one pair of electrons

Question 23

Double covalent bond

Answer 23

Sharing two pairs of electrons

Question 24

Triple covalent bond

Answer 24

Sharing three pairs of electrons

Question 25

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 25

Weak polar bonds between adjacent molecules based on electrical attractions, involve attractions between a slight positive charge and a slight negative charge, hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules cause surface tension, MRIs (hydrogen has high magnetic susceptibility)

Question 26

Organic molecules

Answer 26

Contain C, H, O; Are covalently bonded; Contain functional groups that determine their chemistry; Includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 27

Carbohydrates

Answer 27

Includes monosaccharides which are simple sugars with three to seven carbon atoms

Question 28

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 28

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 29

Disaccharides

Answer 29

Two monosaccharides

Question 30

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 30

sucrose, maltose

Question 31

Polysaccharides

Answer 31

Polymers of many sugars

Question 32

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 32

glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 33

Structure of Glucose

Answer 33

Contains six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group

Question 34

Structure of Glycogen

Answer 34

Linear chains of glucose residues

Question 35

Lipids

Answer 35

Mainly hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 36

Lipids include...

Answer 36

Fatty acids, eicosanoids, glycerides, steroids, phospholipids and glycolipids

Question 37

Fatty acids

Answer 37

May be saturated with hydrogen, no double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail, unsaturated (one or more double bonds in tail) Monounsaturated= one double bond Polyunsaturated= two or more double bonds

Question 38

Fatty acids can either be...

Answer 38

Saturated (has single covalent bonds only) or unsaturated (has one or more double covalent bonds). The presence of a double bond causes a sharp bend in the molecule.

Question 39

Glycerides

Answer 39

Fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

Question 40

Monoglyceride

Answer 40

Glycerol plus one fatty acid

Question 41

Diglyceride

Answer 41

Glycerol plus two fatty acids

Question 42

Triglycerides

Answer 42

Glycerol plus three fatty acids; also called triacylglycerols or neutral fats