*Lab Quiz 5

Question 1

Receptor organ

Answer 1

One that detects changes in the external or internal environment such as the eye which serves vision

Question 2

Effector organ

Answer 2

Muscles and glands that become active in response to stimulation and cause an effect in response to directions from the nervous system

Question 3

Communications network

Question 4

Input (sensory) stimulus

Answer 4

Any event or object that is received by the senses and elicits a response from a person. Ex.: light, heat, sound, touch

Question 5

Output (motor) response

Answer 5

Information that is sent out to the skeletal muscles that control movement

Question 6

Innate

Answer 6

An automatic, instinctive, and unlearned reaction to a stimulus

Question 7

Spinal reflexes

Answer 7

Require transmission from the periphery to the spinal cord and then back to the appropriate effector organ. Ex.: spinal reflex immediately causes withdrawal of the finger from the offending object

Question 8

Consensual reflex

Answer 8

Light that is directed in one eye produces pupil constriction in both eyes

Question 9

When the sphincter muscles of the iris contract,

Answer 9

Pupil size decreases (constricts)

Question 10

When the dilator muscles of the iris contract,

Answer 10

Pupil size increases (dilates)

Question 11

Pupil accommodation

Answer 11

The pupil constricts or dilates based on the distance of the image requiring focus. To increase the depth of focus, the pupil will constrict, blocking the light scattered by the periphery of the cornea.

Question 12

Lens accommodation

Answer 12

The eye’s ability to modify the focal length of the lens by changing the curvature of the eye lens. If the object is close, ciliary muscles contract, decreases tension on lens which increases its curvature. If the object is far, ciliary muscles relax, increases tension on lens which decreases its curvature.

Question 13

Convergence in accommodation

Answer 13

When an individual shifts their view from a far object to a nearby object, the eyes converge to keep the image focused.

Question 14

Tendon (stretch) reflexes

Question 15

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex

Answer 15

Kicking-like motion produced by the extension of the knee joint upon the ipsilateral stimulation of the patellar tendon

Question 16

Achilles (ankle-jerk) reflex

Answer 16

Occurs when the achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed

Question 17

Palpate

Answer 17

A method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination

Question 18

Antagonistic muscles

Answer 18

One muscle contracts as the other relaxes. Important for maintaining body and limb position as well as for controlling rapid movement of a limb.

Question 19

Ciliospinal reflex

Answer 19

A response mediated over the sympathetic nervous system in response to a painful stimulus

Question 20

Plantar reflex

Answer 20

A downward response of the hallux (flexion). Seen in healthy adults.

Question 21

Babinski reflex

Answer 21

An upward response (extension) of the hallux. Seen in healthy children under 1 year old. If present in child older than 1 or in an adult, it is often a sign of a CNS disorder. It is an abnormal response often associated with damage to the pyramidal tract fibers.

Question 22

Labyrinthine reflex

Question 23

Function of semicircular canal mechanism

Answer 23

To aid visual fixation on moving objects

Question 24

Nystagmus

Answer 24

A movement of the eyes resulting from a reflex response

Question 25

Rotary nystagmus

Answer 25

Caused by the acceleration of fluid in the semicircular canals which stimulates the crustal in the ampullae and produces the sensation of turning

Question 26

Proprioception

Answer 26

Your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location.

Question 27

Spatial orientation

Answer 27

Our natural ability to maintain our body orientation and/or posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space) at rest and during motion

Question 28

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 28

Specialized sensory receptors located in specific areas of the skin

Question 29

Receptive fields

Answer 29

The areas in which mechanoreceptors respond to external stimuli

Question 30

Two-point threshold

Answer 30

The smallest distance at which two points of contact can be felt

Question 31

Sensory adaptation

Answer 31

If a stimulus is applied for a prolonged period of time without movement, the rate of receptor discharge will slow, and conscious awareness of the stimulus will decline or is lost (until some stimulus change occurs).

Question 32

Weber test

Answer 32

Used to establish a diagnosis in patient with unilateral healing loss to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Question 33

Rinne test

Answer 33

Used to evaluate hearing loss in one ear

Question 34

Near point for accommodation

Answer 34

The limit to our binocular vision and refers to the distance between your near vision and your distant vision

Question 35

Presbyopia

Answer 35

A refractive error that makes it hard for middle-aged and older adults to see things up close due to a loss of flexibility in the lens

Question 36

Myopia

Answer 36

Refers to an individual’s inability to focus light properly on the retina resulting in nearsightedness

Question 37

Blind spot (optic disc)

Answer 37

An area on the retina where the optic nerve and blood vessels enter and leave the retina and hence there are no rods/cones for visual reception

Question 38

The formula used to state a person’s visual acuity

Answer 38

V= d/D, where “d” is the distance at which the patient can read the letters, and “D” is the distance at which a normal eye can read the letters

Question 39

Young-Helmholtz Theory of Color Vision

Answer 39

Theory that there are tiny cells in the eyes that receive different wavelengths of light and translate them into red (longest wavelength= 560nm), blue (shortest wavelength= 420nm), and green colors (mid-length wavelength= 530nm)

Question 40

Ishihara test

Answer 40

A color vision test for detection of red-green color deficiencies