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A&P > Cells, Organelles, Cytoplasm, and Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Cells, Organelles, Cytoplasm, and Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the cellular structure and function?

A

Cytology

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2
Q

What separates the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma/cell membrane

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3
Q

What are the five functions of the plasma membrane?

A
  • Physical Isolation/Barrier
  • Regulation of exchange w/in environment
  • Wastes eliminated and cellular products released
  • Sensitivity to environment
  • Structural support
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4
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

A

A barrier to ions and water (soluble compounds)

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5
Q

What do receptor proteins do?

A

Bind and respond to ligands

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6
Q

What do carrier proteins do?

A

Transport specific solutes through membrane

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7
Q

What do channels do?

A

Regulate water flow and solutes through membrane

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8
Q

What two parts make up the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol and Organelles

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9
Q

Cytosol contains dissolved materials and a high concentration of ____(1)____ and low concentration of ______(2)______ on the inside

A

1) Potassium
2) Sodium

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10
Q

The cytoskeleton are structural proteins for what purpose?

A

Shape and strength

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11
Q

What are the four functions of the intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Durable (collagen)
  • Strengthen cell and maintain shape
  • Stabilize organelles
  • Stabilize cell position
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12
Q

What type of tissue is cilia in the trachea?

A

Columnar epithelial

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13
Q

Ribosomes build polypeptides in __________________

A

Protein synthesis

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14
Q

Free ribosomes are located in the _______(1)_______ and manufacture proteins for _________(2)________

A

1) cytoplasm
2) cell

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15
Q

Fixed ribosomes are attached to the __________(1)_________ and manufacture proteins for _________(2)_________

A

1) ER
2) secretion

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16
Q

_____________ are storage chambers within membranes of the ER

A

Cisternae

17
Q

What are the four functions of the ER? (only give the four single words)

A

1) Synthesis
2) Storage
3) Transport
4) Detoxification

18
Q

What does the smooth ER do?

A

Synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates

19
Q

What are the two functions of the rough ER?

A
  • Active in protein and glycoprotein synthesis
  • Encloses products in transport vesicles
20
Q

What are the three functions of the golgi apparatus?

A
  • Modifies and packages secretions
  • Renews or modifies the plasma membrane
  • Packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytoplasm
21
Q

What are the two functions of lysosomes?

A
  • Clean up inside cells
  • Autolysis
22
Q

______________ are enzyme-containing vesicles and produce hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

23
Q

_____________ produces the energy molecule ATP

A

Mitochondria

24
Q

In diffusion and osmosis, ____________ is the driving force for lots of cellular reactions

A

Concentration gradient

25
Q

What five factors influence diffusion?

A
  • Distance
  • Molecule Size
  • Temperature
  • Concentration Gradient
  • Electrical Forces
26
Q

__________ is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane

A

Osmosis

27
Q

What happens to volume on the side with more solutes?

A

Volume increases

28
Q

In osmosis, the membrane must be ___(1)____ permeable to water, and ______(2)______ permeable to solutes

A

1) freely
2) selectively

29
Q

What type of pressure equals the force (hydrostatic pressure) needed to block osmosis?

A

Osmotic pressure

30
Q

If a concentration of solutes is equal on both the inside and outside of the cell, then it is _________

A

Isotonic

31
Q

If a concentration of solutes is greater on the outside of the cell compared to inside, then it is __________

A

Hypotonic

32
Q

If a concentration of solutes is greater on the inside of the cell compared to outside, then it is ___________

A

Hypertonic

33
Q

What are the three types of membrane transport?

A
  • Diffusion
  • Carrier-mediated transport
  • Vesicular transport
34
Q

Active transport requires what molecule?

A

ATP

35
Q

What two items travel through simple diffusion?

A
  • Lipid-soluble compounds
  • Dissolved gases
36
Q

What travels through channel-mediated diffusion?

A
  • Water-soluble compounds and ions
37
Q

What process engulfs large objects in phagosomes?

A

Phagocytosis

A&P (12 decks)

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