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A&P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major parts of the integumentary system?

A
  • Cutaneous membrane (skin)
  • Accessory structures
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2
Q

What two parts make up the cutaneous membrane?

A
  • Outer epidermis
  • Inner dermis
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3
Q

What three parts make up the accessory structures?

A
  • Hair and hair follicles
  • Exocrine glands
  • Nails
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4
Q

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ____________

A

Hypodermis

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5
Q

What are the first FIVE functions of the integument?

A
  • Protection of underlying tissues and organs
  • Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
  • Maintenance of normal body temperature
  • Production of melanin
  • Production of keratin
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6
Q

What are the last FOUR functions of the integument?

A
  • Synthesis of vitamin D3
  • Storage of lipids
  • Detection of touch, pressure, pain, etc.
  • Coordination of the immune response
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7
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is the orientation for all epithelial tissue?

A

Basal membrane

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9
Q

What are the body’s most abundant epithelial cells?

A

Keratinocytes

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10
Q

Thin skin has how many layers of keratinocytes?

A

Four layer

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11
Q

Thick skin has how many layers of keratinocytes?

A

Five layers

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12
Q

What are the five layers of keratinocytes in thick skin?

A
  • Stratum basale
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum corneum
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13
Q

Out of the five layers (strata) of keratinocytes, which one is the deepest?

A

Stratum basale

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14
Q

Out of the five layers (strata) of keratinocytes, which one is the most superficial?

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

Which stratum (layer) has multiple layers of flattened, dead, interlocking keratinocytes and is water resistant?

A

Stratum corneum

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16
Q

Which stratum (layer) has keratinocytes which produces keratin and is where cells die?

A

Stratum granulosum

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17
Q

Which stratum (layer) is attached to the basement membrane and contains basal cells and melanocytes?

A

Stratum basale

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18
Q

Stratum _______ contains epidermal ridges and has many basal cells

A

Basale

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19
Q

_______________ in the stratum basale contains the pigment melanin

A

Melanocytes

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20
Q

The division of cells in the stratum basale leads to the creation of what layer?

A

Stratum spinosum

21
Q

Cells of the stratum spinosum produces what layer where most cells stop dividing and produce keratin?

A

Stratum granulosum

22
Q

There is a range of how many layers of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum?

A

15-30 layers

23
Q

How many days does it take for new cells to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

A

7 to 10 days

24
Q

What are the two ways in which water is lost from skin?

A
  • Insensible perspiration
  • Sensible perspiration
25
Q

What happens in insensible perspiration?

A

Water diffuses across stratum corneum and evaporates from skin

26
Q

What happens to the rate of evaporation if the stratum corneum is damaged?

A

Rate increases

27
Q

What happens in sensible perspiration?

A

Water is excreted by sweat glands

28
Q

The dermis anchors ______________________________

A

Epidermal accessory structures

29
Q

When it comes to dermal strength and elasticity, _________ fibers can resist stretching and limit flexibility

A

Collagen

30
Q

_________ fibers permit stretching and then recoil

A

Elastic

31
Q

Fibers and water provide flexibility and resilience known as _________________

A

Skin turgor

32
Q

Parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis produce ____________________

A

Tension lines

33
Q

The subcutaneous layer consists primarily of _________ tissue

A

Adipose

34
Q

Skin color is influenced by what two pigments in the epidermis?

A

Melanin and Carotene

35
Q

______(1)______ is a red-yellow or brown-black pigment, is produced by ______(2)_______, and protects from ____(3)____ radiation

A

1) melanin
2) melanocytes
3) UV

36
Q

______(1)_____ is an orange-yellow pigment and can be converted to vitamin ____(2)____

A

1) Carotene
2) A

37
Q

Vitamin A in carotene is required for the maintenance of _______(1)_______ and for the synthesis of ____________(2)______________ in ______(3)_______

A

1) epithelia
2) photoreceptor pigments
3) eye

38
Q

Hair is located in the _________ but projects to the skin surface

A

Dermis

39
Q

What are the three functions of hair?

A
  • Protect and insulate
  • Guard openings from particles & insects
  • Serve as sensory receptors
40
Q

What are the three functions of sebaceous glands?

A
  • Discharge lipid secretion (sebum) into hair follicles
  • Lubricates and protects hair shaft
  • Inhibits growth of bacteria
41
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A
  • Apocrine sweat glands
  • Eccrine sweat glands
42
Q

What glands produce milk?

A

Mammary glands

43
Q

What glands produce cerumen (earwax)?

A

Ceruminous glands

44
Q

When repairing the integument, what cells trigger an inflammatory response?

A

Mast cells

45
Q

What stabilizes and protects the damaged area of the integument?

A

Scab (dried blood clot)

46
Q

What cleans the damaged area of the integument?

A

Macrophages

47
Q

Fibroblasts and endothelial cells divide, producing _____________________

A

Granulation tissue

48
Q

What are the four phases in repairing an injury to the integument?

A
  • Inflammation
  • Migration
  • Proliferation
  • Scarring
49
Q

Once noncellular scar tissue is is produced, a raised _________ may form

A

Keloid

A&P (12 decks)

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