Tissue

Question 1

what 3 things is classification of tissue based on?

Answer 1

1. structure of cells
2. composition of extracellular matrix
3. cell function

Question 2

epithelial tissue (structure, EC matrix, function)

Answer 2

one or more layers of closely packed cells, little to no EC matrix. Covers body surfaces, lines body/organ cavities, forms glands.

Question 3

6 characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

1. cellularity (tightly packed)
2. distinct cell surfaces
3. attached to basement membrane
4. avascular
5. innervation (high nerve supply)
6. high regeneration capacity

Question 4

3 distinct surfaces of epithelial tissue

Answer 4

1. free (apical)
2. lateral
3. basal

Question 5

free (apical) surface

Answer 5

in epithelial tissue, not attached to other cells, exposed either to the external environment or some internal body space

Question 6

basement membrane

Answer 6

specialized type of EC material secreted by epithelial and connective tissues, strengthens attachment and forms a barrier between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

Question 6

lateral surface

Answer 6

in epithelial tissue, attached to other epithelial cells

Question 7

basal surface

Answer 7

in epithelial tissue, attached to the basement membrane

Question 8

basement membrane layers

Answer 8

basal lamina
reticular lamina

Question 9

how is epithelial tissue classified?

Answer 9

number of cell layers
shape of cells at apical surface

Question 10

Functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 10

(no one structure in the body does all)
1. protect underlying structures (from dehydration, abrasion, destruction)

2. selective permeability
3. secreting substances
4. sensation

Question 11

simple epithelium

Answer 11

single layer of cells extending from basement membrane to free surface, typically in areas with minimum stress

Question 12

stratified epithelium

Answer 12

more than one layer, but only the deepest layer attaches to the basement membrane, found in areas subject to stress

Question 13

pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 13

type of simple epithelium that appears stratified due to nuclei in different locations

Question 14

squamous epithelial tissue

Answer 14

cells are flat or scale like

Question 15

transitional epithelial tissue

Answer 15

cells change shape as the organs stretch to a larger size and then collapse back to original shape, cuboidal to squamous

Question 15

columnar epithelial tissue

Answer 15

cells are taller than they are wide

Question 15

cuboidal epithelial tissue

Answer 15

cells are cube shaped

Question 16

Where is simple epithelial tissue found

Answer 16

areas where filtration, absorption, secretion are the primary function

Question 17

where is stratified epithelial tissue found

Answer 17

areas likely to be subject to abrasive activity or mechanical stress (skin)

Question 18

what is squamous epithelial tissue used for

Answer 18

diffusion/filtration

Question 19

cell junctions

Answer 19

areas where adjacent cells are attached

Question 20

what is cuboidal/columnar epithelial tissue used for

Answer 20

absorption and secretion

Question 21

tight junctions

Answer 21

strands of proteins at the apical surface around the circumference of each adjacent cell, prevents substances from passing into the cell

Question 22

desmosomes

Answer 22

provide structural integrity to cells that have exposure to stress- also anchors the basal surface to underlying basement membrane

Question 23

gap junction

Answer 23

provides a passageway for substances to move in between neighboring cells

Question 24

glands

Answer 24

organs composed of epithelial tissue which secrete substances

Question 25

connective tissue types

Answer 25

connective tissue proper, supporting, fluid

Question 26

connective tissue description

Answer 26

contains a variety of cell types within an abundant extracellular matrix and often has protein fibers, found in every organ

Question 27

cells of connective tissue

Answer 27

1. leukocytes (white blood cells) 2. macrophages (internalize foreign material) 3. fibroblasts (synthesize collagen) 4. adipocytes 5. platelets 6. mast cells 7. stem cells

Question 28

components of connective tissue extracellular matrix

Answer 28

1. protein fibers 2. ground substance 3. fluid

Question 29

types of protein fibers found in connective tissue

Answer 29

1. collagen fiber (strong, flexible, inelastic) 2. reticular fiber (branch between tissue and organs) 3. elastic fibers

Question 30

ground substance

Answer 30

lacks shape and fills space between cells and protein fibers in connective tissue

Question 31

loose connective tissue

Answer 31

acts as "packing material", contains loosely arranged collagenous fibers, well vascularized

Question 32

dense connective tissue

Answer 32

protein fibers forming thick bundles filling nearly all extracellular space

Question 33

areolar connective tissue | what type of ct, makeup, location

Answer 33

type of loose CT, mainly collagen and some elastic fibers, abundant ground substance, found almost everywhere, from skin to blood vessels

Question 34

adipose connective tissue | what type of ct, makeup, location

Answer 34

type of loose CT which is highly vascular, mainly adipocytes with small ECM, found around kidneys and heart, protects and insulates, stores energy

Question 35

Reticular Connective tissue

Answer 35

type of loose CT which forms the framework of lymphatic tissue

Question 36

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 36

protein fibers oriented in 1 direction 1. dense regular collagenous: has abundant collagen fiber, tendons and ligaments 2. dense regular elastic: allows for stretch and recoil, vocal chords

Question 37

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 37

protein fibers arranged randomly 1. dense irregular collagenous: forms most of dermis, covers some bone and cartilage 2. dense irregular elastic: found in elastic arteries

Question 38

supporting connective tissue types

Answer 38

1. cartilage- avascular, no nerves, extensive ECM 2. bone- hard connective tissue composed of living cells

Question 39

types of cartilage

Answer 39

1. hyaline: a lot of protein fiber, smooth surface (costal in ribs) 2. fibrocartilage: very tough (mandible joint) 3. elastic: rigid but maintains properties (nose tip)

Question 40

types of bone

Answer 40

spongey bone, compact bone

Question 41

types of fluid connective tissue

Answer 41

blood (plasma and formed elements) lymph