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Anatomy > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

exam 1

1
Q

what 3 things is classification of tissue based on?

A
  1. structure of cells
  2. composition of extracellular matrix
  3. cell function
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2
Q

epithelial tissue (structure, EC matrix, function)

A

one or more layers of closely packed cells, little to no EC matrix. Covers body surfaces, lines body/organ cavities, forms glands.

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3
Q

6 characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. cellularity (tightly packed)
  2. distinct cell surfaces
  3. attached to basement membrane
  4. avascular
  5. innervation (high nerve supply)
  6. high regeneration capacity
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4
Q

3 distinct surfaces of epithelial tissue

A
  1. free (apical)
  2. lateral
  3. basal
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5
Q

free (apical) surface

A

in epithelial tissue, not attached to other cells, exposed either to the external environment or some internal body space

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6
Q

basement membrane

A

specialized type of EC material secreted by epithelial and connective tissues, strengthens attachment and forms a barrier between epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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6
Q

lateral surface

A

in epithelial tissue, attached to other epithelial cells

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7
Q

basal surface

A

in epithelial tissue, attached to the basement membrane

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8
Q

basement membrane layers

A

basal lamina
reticular lamina

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9
Q

how is epithelial tissue classified?

A

number of cell layers
shape of cells at apical surface

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10
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

(no one structure in the body does all)
1. protect underlying structures (from dehydration, abrasion, destruction)

  1. selective permeability
  2. secreting substances
  3. sensation
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11
Q

simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells extending from basement membrane to free surface, typically in areas with minimum stress

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12
Q

stratified epithelium

A

more than one layer, but only the deepest layer attaches to the basement membrane, found in areas subject to stress

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13
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

type of simple epithelium that appears stratified due to nuclei in different locations

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14
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

cells are flat or scale like

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15
Q

transitional epithelial tissue

A

cells change shape as the organs stretch to a larger size and then collapse back to original shape, cuboidal to squamous

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15
Q

columnar epithelial tissue

A

cells are taller than they are wide

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15
Q

cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

cells are cube shaped

16
Q

Where is simple epithelial tissue found

A

areas where filtration, absorption, secretion are the primary function

17
Q

where is stratified epithelial tissue found

A

areas likely to be subject to abrasive activity or mechanical stress (skin)

18
Q

what is squamous epithelial tissue used for

A

diffusion/filtration

19
Q

cell junctions

A

areas where adjacent cells are attached

20
Q

what is cuboidal/columnar epithelial tissue used for

A

absorption and secretion

21
Q

tight junctions

A

strands of proteins at the apical surface around the circumference of each adjacent cell, prevents substances from passing into the cell

22
Q

desmosomes

A

provide structural integrity to cells that have exposure to stress- also anchors the basal surface to underlying basement membrane

23
Q

gap junction

A

provides a passageway for substances to move in between neighboring cells

24
Q

glands

A

organs composed of epithelial tissue which secrete substances

25
Q

connective tissue types

A

connective tissue proper, supporting, fluid

26
Q

connective tissue description

A

contains a variety of cell types within an abundant extracellular matrix and often has protein fibers, found in every organ

27
Q

cells of connective tissue

A
  1. leukocytes (white blood cells)
  2. macrophages (internalize foreign material)
  3. fibroblasts (synthesize collagen)
  4. adipocytes
  5. platelets
  6. mast cells
  7. stem cells
28
Q

components of connective tissue extracellular matrix

A
  1. protein fibers
  2. ground substance
  3. fluid
29
Q

types of protein fibers found in connective tissue

A
  1. collagen fiber (strong, flexible, inelastic)
  2. reticular fiber (branch between tissue and organs)
  3. elastic fibers
30
Q

ground substance

A

lacks shape and fills space between cells and protein fibers in connective tissue

31
Q

loose connective tissue

A

acts as “packing material”, contains loosely arranged collagenous fibers, well vascularized

32
Q

dense connective tissue

A

protein fibers forming thick bundles filling nearly all extracellular space

33
Q

areolar connective tissue

what type of ct, makeup, location

A

type of loose CT, mainly collagen and some elastic fibers, abundant ground substance, found almost everywhere, from skin to blood vessels

34
Q

adipose connective tissue

what type of ct, makeup, location

A

type of loose CT which is highly vascular, mainly adipocytes with small ECM, found around kidneys and heart, protects and insulates, stores energy

35
Q

Reticular Connective tissue

A

type of loose CT which forms the framework of lymphatic tissue

36
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

protein fibers oriented in 1 direction
1. dense regular collagenous: has abundant collagen fiber, tendons and ligaments

  1. dense regular elastic: allows for stretch and recoil, vocal chords
37
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

protein fibers arranged randomly
1. dense irregular collagenous: forms most of dermis, covers some bone and cartilage

  1. dense irregular elastic: found in elastic arteries
38
Q

supporting connective tissue types

A
  1. cartilage- avascular, no nerves, extensive ECM
  2. bone- hard connective tissue composed of living cells
39
Q

types of cartilage

A
  1. hyaline: a lot of protein fiber, smooth surface (costal in ribs)
  2. fibrocartilage: very tough (mandible joint)
  3. elastic: rigid but maintains properties (nose tip)
40
Q

types of bone

A

spongey bone, compact bone

41
Q

types of fluid connective tissue

A

blood (plasma and formed elements)
lymph

Anatomy (10 decks)

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