Heart anatomy Flashcards
pericardium
the 3 layers that enclose the heart
pericardium layers: superficial to deep
fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium (parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium)
Epicardium
serous membrane, smooth outer surface of heart
myocardium
middle layer of heart tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, responsible for contraction
endocardium
smooth inner surface of heart chambers, continuous with blood vessels
4 heart chambers
L and R atria, L and R ventricles
4 heart valves
2 atrioventricular valves, 2 semilunar valves
4 great vessels of the heart
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, aorta
coronary arteries
carry blood away from heart tissue
coronary veins
carry blood to heart tissue
right coronary artery branches
right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery
left coronary artery branches
anterior interventricular artery, left marginal artery, circumflex artery
great cardiac vein
drains left margin of heart
small cardiac vein
drains right margin of heart
coronary sinus
veins empty here, blood moves from here to the right atrium
openings of the left atrium
pulmonary veins
right atrium openings
superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
right av valve
tricuspid
left av valves
bicuspid, mitral
semilunar valves
when cusps are filled, vale is closed, when cusps are empty, valve is opened
right side of the heart
pulmonary circuit, sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
left side of the heart
systemic circuit, sends oxygenated blood to the body
branches of the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
thoracic aorta
portion in the thorax
abdominal aorta
inferior to the diaphragm, ends as 2 common iliac arteries
branches of the brachiocephalic trunk
right common carotid, right subclavian
right common carotid function
transports blood to the right side head and neck
right subclavian function
transports blood to the right upper limb
left common carotid function
transports blood to left side head and neck
left subclavian function
transports blood to left upper limb
veins
return blood from body to right atrium
coronary sinus
major vein that drains the heart
superior vena cava
major vein that drains the head, neck, thorax, upper limbs
semilunar valve functions
permit blood flow to arteries from ventricles and prevent backward flow of blood from arteries to ventricles
av valve functions
separate atria from ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria during contraction
