Heart anatomy

Question 1

pericardium

Answer 1

the 3 layers that enclose the heart

Question 2

pericardium layers: superficial to deep

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium (parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium)

Question 3

Epicardium

Answer 3

serous membrane, smooth outer surface of heart

Question 4

myocardium

Answer 4

middle layer of heart tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, responsible for contraction

Question 5

endocardium

Answer 5

smooth inner surface of heart chambers, continuous with blood vessels

Question 6

4 heart chambers

Answer 6

L and R atria, L and R ventricles

Question 7

4 heart valves

Answer 7

2 atrioventricular valves, 2 semilunar valves

Question 8

4 great vessels of the heart

Answer 8

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, aorta

Question 9

coronary arteries

Answer 9

carry blood away from heart tissue

Question 10

coronary veins

Answer 10

carry blood to heart tissue

Question 11

right coronary artery branches

Answer 11

right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery

Question 12

left coronary artery branches

Answer 12

anterior interventricular artery, left marginal artery, circumflex artery

Question 13

great cardiac vein

Answer 13

drains left margin of heart

Question 14

small cardiac vein

Answer 14

drains right margin of heart

Question 15

coronary sinus

Answer 15

veins empty here, blood moves from here to the right atrium

Question 16

openings of the left atrium

Answer 16

pulmonary veins

Question 16

right atrium openings

Answer 16

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Question 17

right av valve

Answer 17

tricuspid

Question 18

left av valves

Answer 18

bicuspid, mitral

Question 19

semilunar valves

Answer 19

when cusps are filled, vale is closed, when cusps are empty, valve is opened

Question 20

right side of the heart

Answer 20

pulmonary circuit, sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 21

left side of the heart

Answer 21

systemic circuit, sends oxygenated blood to the body

Question 22

branches of the aortic arch

Answer 22

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 23

thoracic aorta

Answer 23

portion in the thorax

Question 24

abdominal aorta

Answer 24

inferior to the diaphragm, ends as 2 common iliac arteries

Question 25

branches of the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 25

right common carotid, right subclavian

Question 26

right common carotid function

Answer 26

transports blood to the right side head and neck

Question 27

right subclavian function

Answer 27

transports blood to the right upper limb

Question 28

left common carotid function

Answer 28

transports blood to left side head and neck

Question 29

left subclavian function

Answer 29

transports blood to left upper limb

Question 30

veins

Answer 30

return blood from body to right atrium

Question 31

coronary sinus

Answer 31

major vein that drains the heart

Question 32

superior vena cava

Answer 32

major vein that drains the head, neck, thorax, upper limbs

Question 33

semilunar valve functions

Answer 33

permit blood flow to arteries from ventricles and prevent backward flow of blood from arteries to ventricles

Question 34

av valve functions

Answer 34

separate atria from ventricles on each side of the heart and prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria during contraction