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Anatomy > Brain and Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial nerves Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

giri, sulci, fissures

A

giri: the folds in brain matter
sulci: depressions btwn the folds
fissures: deep grooves

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2
Q

brainstem

A

connects spinal cord to cerebrum, subdivided into medulla, pons, midbrain

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3
Q

pyramids of medulla

A

pyramids: prominent enlargements on anterior surface, descending nerve tracts involved in conscious muscle control, fibers decussate to cause control on opposite side of the body

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4
Q

medulla

A

most inferior part of brain stem, contains respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers, pyramids and olives

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5
Q

olives of medulla

A

rounded oval protrusions on anterior surface, help with proprioception, balance, sound modulation

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6
Q

nuclei

A

grey matter cell bodies clustered together

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6
Q

pons

A

contains nuclei, including the pontine ( a collection of nuclei) which relays btwn cerebrum and cerebellum to coordinate voluntary movement, sleep center initiates rem, respiratory center coordinates with medulla

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7
Q

midbrain

A

contains tracts that connect to lower parts of brain stem and spinal cord with higher parts of brain, contains corpora quadrigemina

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8
Q

corpora quadrigemina

A

bulging area of midbrain consisting of 4 areas of gray matter- each separate part Called a colliculus

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8
Q

superior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina of midbrain

A

receive incoming sensory input from visual, auditory, and tactile, involved in reflex movement of heads eyes, body

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9
Q

what is the separation of midbrain corpora quadrigemina colliculi

A

2 superior colliculi, 2 inferior colliculi

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10
Q

inferior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina of midbrain

A

nerves in inner ear synapse and send auditory info to higher brain centers

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

controls balance and posture, coordinates voluntary movements, works with frontal lobe in planning, practicing, learning complex movement.

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12
Q

how does the cerebellum communicate with other areas of the CNS

A

through 3 tracts called peduncles: superior, middle, and inferior

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13
Q

diencephalon

A

internal structure between brainstem ad cerebrum, contains thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

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13
Q

what do the superior, middle, and inferior peduncles of the cerebellum each do?

A

superior: connects cerebellum to midbrain

middle: connects cerebellum to pons

inferior: connects cerebellum to medulla oblongata

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14
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for sensory info headed to brain, all sensory info except smell is sent here from spinal cord synapses, controls motor function, mood, emotional regulation

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15
Q

3 areas of the thalamus

A
  1. medial geniculate nucleus: auditory info
  2. lateral geniculate nucleus: visual info
  3. ventral geniculate nucleus: most other sensory info
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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls the autonomic NS, controls autonomic function, endocrine system, muscles, food/water intake, emotions, sleep/wake

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17
Q

mammillary bodies

A

bulges on the ventral surface of the hypothalamus, contain olfactory reflexes and emotional response to odors

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18
Q

infundibulum

A

stalk like structure on hypothalamus connected to pituitary gland, controls endocrine system

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19
Q

cerebrum

A

composed of right and left hemispheres, each of which has the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes

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20
Q

main sulci/fisssures of the cerebrum

A
  1. longitudinal fissure: separates the 2 hemispheres
  2. lateral fissure: separates temporal from frontal and parietal lobes
  3. central sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes
21
Q

gray matter of the cerebrum

A

made of the cortex: outer surface and nuclei: clusters deep within brain

22
Q

white matter of the cerebrum

A

medulla: between the cortex and nuclei, contains tracts that connect cerebral cortex areas to each other and other parts of CNS

23
Q

central sulcus

A

between pre central gyrus (primary motor cortex) and postcentral gyrus (primary somatic sensory cortex)

24
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, smell, mood, personality, decision making

25
Q

parietal lobe

A

reception and evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, and vision

26
Q

occipital lobe

A

reception and integration of visual input

27
Q

temporal lobe

A

reception and evaluation for smell and hearing, memory, abstract thought, judgment, contains insula

28
Q

arachnoid mater

A

middle brain membrane

28
Q

dura mater

A

outermost brain membrane, strongest, dense irreg tissue

29
Q

pia mater

A

innermost brain membrane, bound tightly to brain, loose CT

30
Q

subdural space

A

under dura mater, contains serous fluid

31
Q

subarachnoid space

A

under arachnoid mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid

32
Q

epidural space

A

between bone and dura mater

33
Q

lateral ventricles

A

within cerebral hemispheres, one in each

34
Q

third ventricle

A

within the diencephalon

35
Q

interventricular foramina

A

joins th lateral ventricles with third

36
Q

fourth ventricle

A

connected to 3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct,, continuous with the central canal of spinal cord

36
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

liquid within spinal space, forms a protective cushion around CNS, protects from rapid head movement

37
Q

choroid plexuses

A

produce cerebrospinal fluid

37
Q

olfactory nerve

A

I, sensory- smell

38
Q

optic nerve

A

II, sensory- vision

39
Q

oculomotor nerve

A

III, motor- eye muscles, pupil size, parasympathetic

40
Q

trochlear nerve

A

IV, motor- muscles of eye movement

40
Q

trigeminal nerve

A

V, sensory- scalp, forehead nose, cheeks, eyelids, teeth, gums. Motor- mastication, throat

41
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

VIII, sensory- hearing/balance

41
Q

abducens nerve

A

VI, motor- muscles of eye movement

42
Q

facial nerve

A

VII, sensory- taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue, motor- muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic- salivary glands

43
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve

A

IX, sensory- taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid arteries
motor- pharyngeal muscles
parasympathetic- salivary

44
Q

Vagus nerve

A

X, sensory- pharynx, larynx, abdominal organs, heart and lungs
motor- pharynx and voice
parasympathetic- thoracic/abdominal viscera

44
Q

accessory

A

XI, motor- trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

44
Q

hypoglossal

A

XII, motor to tongue muscles

45
Q

mnemonic for order of nerves

A

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny. Very Good Vehicle Any How

46
Q

nerve function mnemonic

A

Some Say Marry (p) Money But My Aunt Says Academics Always Matter More

s= sensory
M=motor
A=all
B= both sensory and motor
marry (p)= motor and parasympathetic

Anatomy (10 decks)

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