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Anatomy > spinal cord and spinal nerves > Flashcards

spinal cord and spinal nerves Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

spinal cord- length and segments

A

extends from foramen magnum to L2, made of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

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2
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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3
Q

cervical vs lumbar enlargements

A

cervical- supplies upper limbs
lumbar- supplies lower limbs

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4
Q

conus medullaris

A

tapered inferior end of spinal cord

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5
Q

cauda equina

A

origins of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris

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6
Q

meninges

A

connective tissue surrounding the spinal cord and brain

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7
Q

dura mater

A

outermost, thickest membrane of spinal cord, continuous with brain dura mater

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8
Q

arachnoid mater

A

thin, whisky middle membrane of spinal cord

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9
Q

pia mater

A

innermost membrane of spinal cord, bound tightly to surface of brain, forms film terminal

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10
Q

filum terminale

A

anchors spinal cord to coccyx

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11
Q

denticulate ligaments

A

attach spinal cord to dura mater

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12
Q

epidural space

A

between bone periosteum and dura mater, contains roots of spinal nerves, blood vessels

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13
Q

subdural space

A

between the dura mater and arachnoid mater, contains a small amount of serous fluid

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14
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between arachnoid and Pia mater, helps nourish NS, contains CS fluid and blood vessels

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15
Q

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

A

deep clefts separating the spinal cord into right and left halves

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16
Q

white vs grey matter location

A

white: peripherally, grey: centrally

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17
Q

what are the 3 columns of white matter

A

ventral, dorsal, lateral

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18
Q

what do white matter tracts do

A

carry info to or from the CNS

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18
Q

what are the 3 gray matter horns

A

posterior (dorsal), anterior (ventral) and lateral (ANS)

19
Q

commissure

A

a connection btwn the right and left halves of the spinal cord

20
Q

white vs gray commissures

A

gray: contains central canal, connects gray spinal cord.
white: connects white spinal cord

21
Q

what do the spinal rootlets form

A

roots: dorsal and ventral

21
Q

how do spinal nerves arise

A

as rootlets

22
Q

dorsal vs ventral root

A

dorsal: has a ganglion, sensory/afferent
ventral: motor axon, efferent

23
Q

spinal nerve

A

where the dorsal and ventral roots converge, called a mixed nerve bc it contains both sensory and motor axons

24
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies of sensory neurons from the periphery forming dorsal roots

25
Q

ventral root

A

contains axons of motor neurons, has cell bodies located in anterior or lateral horns

26
Q

lateral vs anterior gray matter horns

A

anterior: somatic motor neurons
lateral: autonomic motor neurons

27
Q

pairs of spinal nerves per section

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

28
Q

dorsal ramus of spinal nerves

A

innervates deep muscles of the trunk responsible for movements of the vertebral column and skin near midline of back

29
Q

ventral ramus of spinal nerves

A

forms intercostal nerves in the thoracic region, or form 5 plexuses

30
Q

5 plexuses of the spinal nerve ventral rami

A
  1. C1-C4= cervical
  2. C5-T1= Brachial
  3. L1-L4=lumbar
  4. L4-S4= sacral
  5. S5 and Co= coccygeal
31
Q

cervical plexus

A

C1- C4, innervates superficial neck muscles, skin of neck and posterior head

32
Q

brachial plexus

A

C5-T1, 5 ventral rami that form 3 trunks that separate to 6 branches: the axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median

33
Q

Axillary branch of brachial plexus

A

innervates the deltoid, tires minor, sensory info for inferior lateral shoulder

34
Q

radial branch of brachial plexus

A

innervates all extensor muscles of the upper limb, supinator, brachioradialis, sensory info to posterior upper limb, lateral 2/3 of dorsal hand

35
Q

musculocutaneous branch of brachial plexus

A

innervates anterior muscles of the arm, flexor muscles, sensory info to lateral forearm

35
Q

median nerve branch of brachial plexus

A

innervates all flexor muscles of the forearm except 1, wrist flexors, thumb muscles, sensory info to lateral 2/3 of palm

36
Q

ulnar nerve branch of brachial plexus

A

innervates intrinsic hand muscles, sensory to medial 1/3 of hand (little finger and medial half ring finger)

37
Q

lumbar and sacral plexus

A

lumbar = L1-L4, sacral= L4-S4. house obturator, femoral, tibial, common fibular (peroneal) nerves

38
Q

obturator nerve of lumbosacral plexus

A

innervates thigh adductors, sensory info to medial side of thigh

39
Q

tibial nerve of lumbosacral plexus

A

innervates posterior thigh and leg muscles, branches into others to supply plantar, no direct sensory info but branches into foot supply

40
Q

femoral nerve of lumbosacral plexus

A

innervates hip flexors and knee extenders (iliopsoas, sartorius, quads), sensory info to anterior and lateral thigh, medial leg and foot

41
Q

common fibular (peroneal) nerve of lumbosacral plexus

A

innervates biceps femoris, branches into other nerves

42
Q

coccygeal plexus

A

s5- coccygeal nerve, innervates pelvic floor, sensory input to skin over coccyx and around anus

Anatomy (10 decks)

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