muscular system Flashcards
exam 2
skeletal muscle roles
- movement
- communication
- posture
- respiration
- produce body heat
origin
the attachment to the bone that does not move when the muscles shortens
insertion
attachment to the bone that moves when the muscle shortens
belly
area btwn origin and insertion, largest part of the muscle
action
movement accomplished when the muscle contracts, occurs at joints, typically moves the insertion toward the origin
agonist
the prime mover, usually performs most important part of an action
synergist
muscles that perform the same action as the agonist
antagonist
muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime movers
facial muscles
originate on bone and insert on skin of face, superficial, innervated by facial nerve VII (7)
circular muscles
act as a sphincter to close an opening (facial muscle specific)
mastication muscles
forcefully close mouth to chew food, originate on temporal/zygomatic bones, insert on mandible. innervated by trigeminal (V)
Vertebral column muscles
either permit movement of spine or stabilize spine during limb movements, pre vertebral or post vertebral
Facial muscles (list)
Frontalis
orbicular oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
zygomaticus
platysma
Mastication muscles (list)
Masseter
temporalis
post vertebral muscles (list)
splenius capitis
erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)
pre vertebral muscles (list)
sternocleinomastoid
rectus abdominus
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
quadratus lumborum
scapular movers
attach upper limb to body, move or stabilize the scar and clavicle, originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula
scapular movers (list)
trapezius
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
serratus anterior
humerus movers
insert on humerus to produce shoulder movement, originate on scapula
humerus movers list
pectoralis major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
supra/infraspinatus
teres major/minor
forearm movers
insert on and move radius or ulna, result in elbow flexion, extension, supination
forearm movers list
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
triceps brachii
wrist/finger movers
anterior group: wrist/finger flexion, forearm pronation
posterior group: wrist/finger extension
femur movers
generally originate on coxal bones and insert on femur (sometimes tib/fib) and cause movement at the hip joint
