muscular system

Question 1

skeletal muscle roles

Answer 1

1. movement
2. communication
3. posture
4. respiration
5. produce body heat

Question 2

origin

Answer 2

the attachment to the bone that does not move when the muscles shortens

Question 2

insertion

Answer 2

attachment to the bone that moves when the muscle shortens

Question 3

belly

Answer 3

area btwn origin and insertion, largest part of the muscle

Question 4

action

Answer 4

movement accomplished when the muscle contracts, occurs at joints, typically moves the insertion toward the origin

Question 5

agonist

Answer 5

the prime mover, usually performs most important part of an action

Question 6

synergist

Answer 6

muscles that perform the same action as the agonist

Question 7

antagonist

Answer 7

muscles that perform the opposite action of the prime movers

Question 7

facial muscles

Answer 7

originate on bone and insert on skin of face, superficial, innervated by facial nerve VII (7)

Question 7

circular muscles

Answer 7

act as a sphincter to close an opening (facial muscle specific)

Question 8

mastication muscles

Answer 8

forcefully close mouth to chew food, originate on temporal/zygomatic bones, insert on mandible. innervated by trigeminal (V)

Question 8

Vertebral column muscles

Answer 8

either permit movement of spine or stabilize spine during limb movements, pre vertebral or post vertebral

Question 9

Facial muscles (list)

Answer 9

Frontalis
orbicular oculi
orbicularis oris
buccinator
zygomaticus
platysma

Question 10

Mastication muscles (list)

Answer 10

Masseter
temporalis

Question 11

post vertebral muscles (list)

Answer 11

splenius capitis
erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)

Question 12

pre vertebral muscles (list)

Answer 12

sternocleinomastoid
rectus abdominus
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
quadratus lumborum

Question 13

scapular movers

Answer 13

attach upper limb to body, move or stabilize the scar and clavicle, originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula

Question 14

scapular movers (list)

Answer 14

trapezius
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
serratus anterior

Question 15

humerus movers

Answer 15

insert on humerus to produce shoulder movement, originate on scapula

Question 16

humerus movers list

Answer 16

pectoralis major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
supra/infraspinatus
teres major/minor

Question 17

forearm movers

Answer 17

insert on and move radius or ulna, result in elbow flexion, extension, supination

Question 18

forearm movers list

Answer 18

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
triceps brachii

Question 19

wrist/finger movers

Answer 19

anterior group: wrist/finger flexion, forearm pronation
posterior group: wrist/finger extension

Question 20

femur movers

Answer 20

generally originate on coxal bones and insert on femur (sometimes tib/fib) and cause movement at the hip joint

Question 21

anterior femur movers list

Answer 21

iliopsoas
TFL
Sartorius

Question 22

posterolateral femur movers list

Answer 22

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius

Question 23

medial femur movers list

Answer 23

adductor longus
adductor Magnus
gracilis

Question 24

quadriceps femoris group

Answer 24

insert on tibial tuberosity, extend the knee

Question 25

quadriceps femoris group list

Answer 25

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

Question 26

hamstring group

Answer 26

originate on ischial tuberosity, flex the knee

Question 27

hamstring group list

Answer 27

biceps femoris
semitendonosis
semimembranosis

Question 28

anterior ankle/digit mover list

Answer 28

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
hallucis longis

Question 29

posterior digit/ankle movers list

Answer 29

gastrocnemius
soleus

Question 30

lateral ankle/digit movers list

Answer 30

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis