Tissue Flashcards
FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF
TISSUES:
- EPITHELIAL
- CONNECTIVE
- MUSCLE
- NERVOUS
CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES
- LINING/SURFACE EPITHELIUM
- GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES:
- Protection
- Secretion
Composition of Lining/Surface Epithelium
Epithelial cells
Extra/intercellular substance
Characteristics of Lining/Surface Epithelium
contiguous cells
basal lamina
avascular
sheet or layers
SUBTYPE OF LINING/SURFACE
EPITHELIUM : Based on the number of layers of cells:
1.Simple
2. Psuedostratified
3. Stratified/Urothelium
4. Transitional
single layer of cells
Simple
– single layer of columnar shaped cells with nucleus at variable location of the cell giving it false stratification or appearance of
several layers of cells; not all apices of cells reach the surface (different heights of columnar cells)
Pseudostratified
SPECIFIC SUBTYPES OF LINING/SURFACE EPITHELIUM :
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF CELL LAYER + SHAPE OF THE CELL
AND ITS SPECIAL FEATURE LIKE PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF CILIA
OR KERATIN
1a.SIMPLE
a. squamous
b. cuboidal
c. columnar
1) non-ciliated
2) ciliated
1b. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
1) non-ciliated
2) ciliated
2a. STRATIFIED
a. squamous
1) keratinized
2) non-keratinized
b. cuboidal
c. columnar
2b. TRANSITIONAL
more than one layer
Stratified
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF CELLS
- UNICELLLULAR
- MULTICELLULA
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
ACCORDING TO PRESENCE /ABSENCE OF DUCTS
- EXOCRINE
- ENDOCRINE
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
ACCORDING TO NATURE OF SECRETION
- MUCUS
- SEROUS
- MUCO-SEROUS / MIXED
- CYTOGENIC
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
ACCORDING TO FATE OF SECRETING CELLS
- MEROCRINE
- APOCRINE
- HOLOCRINE
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
ACCORDING TO MORPHOLOGY
- TUBULAR
a. SIMPLE
1) simple tubular
2) simple coiled
tubular
3) simple branched
tubular
b. COMPOUND
1) compound
tubular - ALVEOLAR
a. simple alveolar
b. compound alveolar - TUBULO-ALVEOLAR
Characterized by large amounts of extracellular materials that separate cells from one another
Connective Tissue
Components of Extracellular Matrix
- Protein fiber
a. Collagen
b. Reticular
C. Elastic - Ground Substance
- Fluid
is the shapeless background against which cells and collagen fibers are seen in the light microscope. An important component is proteoglycans made up of protein and polysaccharide
Ground Substance
FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
- Enclosing and separating tissues
- Connecting tissues to one another
- Supporting and moving
- Storing energy
- Cushioning and insulating
- Transporting
- Protecting
CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Subtypes:
-Fibrous/Connective Tissue Proper
Collagenous- LCT, DRCT, DICT
Elastic
-Embryonic
Mesenchymal
Mucous
-Specialized
Bone - compact, spongy
Cartilage - hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Adipose - brown, white
Reticular
CLASSIFICATION OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- Collagenous
a. Loose collagenous/ loose areolar
b. Dense regular collagenous
c. Dense irregular collagenous - Elastic
- consists of collagen and elastic fiber
- The most common cells found are fibroblast
- Fibroblasts, are responsible for the production of the fibers of the matrix.
LOOSE COLLAGENOUS OR LOOSE AREOLAR
- Same direction of collagen
fibers - ex. Tendon, most ligaments, aponeuroses.
Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS
- Different directions of
collagen fibers - ex. Dermis (skin), submucosa of the digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joints.
Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength.
DENSE IRREGULAR COLLAGENOUS
- Bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers
oriented in multiple directions - In walls of elastic arteries (aorta), lungs, vocal
ligaments - Strong, yet elastic; allows for recoil of tissue after
being stretched
Elastic connective tissue
CLASSIFICATION OF EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- MESENCHYMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- Mesenchyme
- MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- Mucus
-Derived from mesoderm
–Delicate collagen fibers embedded in a semifluid matrix
Mesenchyme
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- ADIPOSE
- BONES
- CARTILAGES
- HEMOPOIETIC TISSUE
Description: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground ground substance; reticular calls line on the network.
Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages.
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
Reticular connective tissue
Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have a nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet.
Function: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs.
Location: Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts.
Adipose tissue
BONES
- COMPACT/DENSE
- SPONGY/CANCELLOUS
Types of CARTILAGES
- HYALINE CARTILAGE
- ELASTIC CARTILAGE
- FIBROCARTILAGE
Example of Hyaline Cartilage
-sternal ends of the ribs
-in the larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
-articulating surfaces of bones.
Example of Elastic Cartilage
-your external ears
-Your eustachian tubes
Example of Fibrocartilage
-The meniscus in your knee.
-In disks between the vertebrae in your spine.
-Supporting muscles, tendons, and ligaments throughout your body.
the tough, very strong tissue found predominantly in the intervertebral disks and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons
Fibrous cartilage
connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments.
Elastic Cartilage
translucent bluish white cartilage consisting of cells embedded in an apparently homogeneous matrix, present in joints and respiratory passages, and forming most of the fetal skeleton.
Hyaline Cartilage
main characteristic is its ability to contract or shorten
Muscle Tissue
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
A. SKELETAL
B. CARDIAC
C. SMOOTH
- forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves
- contains very important cells which are neurons and neuroglia
NERVOUS TISSUE
A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body
Neuron/Nerve cell
Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should.
Neuroglia/Glial Cells
