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ANAPHY > Skeletal > Flashcards

Skeletal Flashcards

ppt

1
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  1. Support
  2. Protect
  3. Muscle attachement
  4. Hemopoiesis
    • red bone marrow
  5. Storage of manerals ( phosphorus, Calcium)
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2
Q

Histology of bones

A

Components
1. Bone Cells
2. Matrix
Collagenous Fibers
- Give resilience to bones
Calcified ground substance
- Give hardness to bones
- Calcium phosphate
- Calcium Carbonate

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3
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteoblast
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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4
Q
  • embryonic bone cells
  • active in bone formation
A

Osteoblasts

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5
Q

mature osteoblasts

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

bone reabsorption / resorption and remodeling

A

Osteoclasts

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7
Q

MAINTAINING THE BONE

A
  1. Endocrine system control
  2. Parathormone
    • Calcium release
      hypocalcemia- increased blood calcium (PTH & Cal
      release)
  3. Calcitonin
    • hypercalcemia - decreased blood calcium
      (calcitonin release)
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8
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
according to structures

A
  • COMPACT / DENSE
  • SPONGY / CANCELLOUS
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9
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
according to shape

A
  1. LONG
  2. SHORT
  3. FLAT
  4. IRREGULAR
  5. SESAMOID
    (develops within a tendon)
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10
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
according to development

A

ENDOCHONDRAL / CARTILAGINOUS
INTRAMEMBRANOUS

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11
Q
  • formed via endochondral/ intracartilaginous ossification

CARTILAGE —————> BONE

A

ENDOCHONDRAL / CARTILAGINOUS

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12
Q
A
  • formed via intramembranous ossification

MEMBRANE —————> BONE

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13
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
according to location

A

Axial - 80 bones
Appendicular - 126 bones

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14
Q

AXIAL SKELETON

A
  1. SKULL
  2. OSSICLES
  3. HYOID
  4. STERNUM
  5. RIBS
  6. VERTEBRAE
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15
Q

How many bones does cranial have?

A

8

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16
Q

How many bones does facial bones have?

A

14

17
Q

Skull

A

Cranial
- Unpaired
a. Fontral
b. Ethmoid
c. Sphenoid
d. Occipital
- Paired
a. Parietal
b. Temporal
1. Squamous
2. Mastoid
3. Tympanic
4. Petrous

18
Q

CRANIAL BONES

A

CALVARIUM
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Occipital

PTERION*
- H-shaped union of:
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Sphenoid
4. Temporal

SUTURES
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoidal

FONTANELLES
Anterior fontanelle*
Posterior fontanelle

19
Q

Sunken fontnelle

A

Dehydration

20
Q

Bulging fontanelle

A

Meningitis

21
Q

Facial Bones

A
  • Unpaired
    a. Vomer
    b. Mandible
  • Paired
    a. Nasal
    b. Lacrimal
    c. Zygomatic
    d. Maxillae
    e. Palatine
    f. Inferior
    Nasal Concha
22
Q

Ossicles

A

-Malleus (Hammer)
- Incus (Anvil)
- Stapes (Stirrup)

23
Q

Hyoid

A

Attached by muscles

24
Q

Sternum

A

PARTS:
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

LANDMARKS:
Jugular /Supraternal Notch - T2-T3
Angle of Louis / Manubrio-sternal Joint – T4-T5
Xiphisternal Joint – T9

25
Q

RIBS
ACCORDING TO ATTACHMENT

A
  1. True (Vertebro-sternal) - 1st – 7th
  2. False (Vertebro-chondral) – 8th- 10th
  3. Floating (Vertebral) – 11th-12th
26
Q

RIBS
ACCORDING TO MORPHOLOGY

A
  1. Typical - 3rd- 9th
  2. Atypical – 1st,2nd, 10th-12th
27
Q

2 costal facets on head
1 costal facet on tubercle
rounded upper border, sharp inferior border

A

Typical Rib

28
Q

Types of Vertebra

A

CERVICAL
Typical – C3-C6
Atypical- C1 (Atlas), C2 (Axis), C7 (Vertebra
Prominens)

THORACIC
Typical – T3-T10
Atypical – T1, T2, T11, T12
LUMBAR
SACRAL
COCCYGEA

29
Q
  • Quadrangular body
  • Transverse foramen
  • Bifid spine
  • Triangular vertebral foramen
A

TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA

30
Q

C1 (ATLAS)
(-) body
(-) spine

C2 (AXIS)
(+) dens/odontoid
process

C7 (VERTEBRA PROMINENS)
(-) bifid spine

A

ATYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRA

31
Q
  • heart-shaped body
  • costal facets on body and transverse processes
  • long pointed spine obliquely going down
A

THORACIC VERTEBRA

32
Q
  • Kidney-shaped body
  • Short wide straight spine
  • Mamillary process
A

LUMBAR VERTEBRA

33
Q
A

ANAPHY (7 decks)

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